Which of the following is NOT an example of improper or weak application patch management
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Moving up from #6 in the previous edition, 90% of applications were tested for some form of misconfiguration, with an average incidence rate of 4.%, and over 208k occurences of a Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) in this risk category. With more shifts into highly configurable software, it's not surprising to see this category move up. Notable CWEs included are CWE-16 Configuration and CWE-611 Improper Restriction of XML
External Entity Reference. The application might be vulnerable if the application is: Missing appropriate security hardening across any part of the application stack or improperly configured permissions on cloud services. Unnecessary features are enabled or installed (e.g., unnecessary ports, services, pages, accounts, or privileges). Default accounts and their passwords are still enabled and unchanged. Error handling reveals stack traces or other overly informative error messages to users. For upgraded systems, the latest security features are disabled or not configured securely. The security settings in the application servers, application frameworks (e.g., Struts, Spring, ASP.NET), libraries, databases, etc., are not set to secure values. The server does not send security headers or directives, or they are not set to secure values. The software is out of date or vulnerable (see A06:2021-Vulnerable and Outdated Components). Without a concerted, repeatable application security configuration process, systems are at a higher risk. Secure installation processes should be implemented, including:
Example Attack ScenariosScenario #1: The application server comes with sample applications not removed from the production server. These sample applications have known security flaws attackers use to compromise the server. Suppose one of these applications is the admin console, and default accounts weren't changed. In that case, the attacker logs in with default passwords and takes over. Scenario #2: Directory listing is not disabled on the server. An attacker discovers they can simply list directories. The attacker finds and downloads the compiled Java classes, which they decompile and reverse engineer to view the code. The attacker then finds a severe access control flaw in the application. Scenario #3: The application server's configuration allows detailed error messages, e.g., stack traces, to be returned to users. This potentially exposes sensitive information or underlying flaws such as component versions that are known to be vulnerable. Scenario #4: A cloud service provider (CSP) has default sharing permissions open to the Internet by other CSP users. This allows sensitive data stored within cloud storage to be accessed. References
List of Mapped CWEsCWE-2 7PK - Environment CWE-11 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Creating Debug Binary CWE-13 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Password in Configuration File CWE-15 External Control of System or Configuration Setting CWE-16 Configuration CWE-260 Password in Configuration File CWE-315 Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie CWE-520 .NET Misconfiguration: Use of Impersonation CWE-526 Exposure of Sensitive Information Through Environmental Variables CWE-537 Java Runtime Error Message Containing Sensitive Information CWE-541 Inclusion of Sensitive Information in an Include File CWE-547 Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants CWE-611 Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference CWE-614 Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute CWE-756 Missing Custom Error Page CWE-776 Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion') CWE-942 Permissive Cross-domain Policy with Untrusted Domains CWE-1004 Sensitive Cookie Without 'HttpOnly' Flag CWE-1032 OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A6 - Security Misconfiguration CWE-1174 ASP.NET Misconfiguration: Improper Model Validation What is the main risk from weak patch management procedures on such devices?What is the main risk from weak patch management procedures on such devices? Vulnerabilities in the OS and applications software such as web browsers and document readers or in PC and adapter firmware can allow threat actors to run malware and gain a foothold on the network.
Which of the following is one of the most common attacks on employees?Phishing attacks are one of the most common attacks directed toward employees.
Which of the following protocols would secure file transfer services for an internal network?SFTP – Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), as its name might suggest, is used to securely transfer files across a network. Data is encrypted and the client and server are authenticated.
Is a large planned update that addresses multiple problems or adds multiple features?service pack: A large, planned software update that addresses multiple problems, or adds multiple features, and includes previous patches and hotfixes. shareware: Software offered in trial form or for a limited period that allows the user to try it out before purchasing a license.
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