Giúp trí nhớ chuỗi phản ứng hóa học pdf năm 2024

thi tuyn sinh i hc v Cao ng. Xin ghi nhn v cm nmi kin &ng gp, ch ra nhng ch thiu st nhng lnti bn sau hon chnh hn.

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8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 5/192 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 6/192 Phn I: HA HC HU c HIROCACBON
CNG THC TNG QT CA HROCACBON 1 1 . Ankan: CnH 2n+7 (n > 1)2. Xioankan: 1 vng CnH; n ( n > 3)' Nhiu vng: CnHn2. 2x (x s vng) 3- Hirocacbon khng no mch h: CnH 2n+2-2k(k l s ni i hay.s lin kt 7) 4. Anken: CnH2;, (n > 2)5. Xicloanken: CnH2n2 (n > 3) (1 vng) , 6. Ankin: CnH 2n_2 ( n > 2)7. Ankaien: CnH 2n_2 (n >3)8. Arcn: CnH 2n6(n > 6) 9. Aren c gn nhnh khng, no: CnH-jn_ft_2k(k l s ni i hay so lin kt 71 ngoi vng)
PHNG TRNH CHY CA HIROCACBON V DN XUT CA HIROCACBON (DNG TNC QUT) C , H V + ' X - y 0 2 - > x C C >2 + - H 20V 4 .j 2 2 C XH , G : - ! X - L - I s o _ > x C O i + ^{h 2o
4 2 r 1 2
CJH.N7+ ' X xCOz + - -N , T} H 204 , 2 2 5 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 7/192 CvHvCXN. + X- - 0 2 >xCOz + - N: + ~ H :0V 4 2 ; 2 2 e xH vCI, + X- o , - xCO; + ' H zO + tHCl CsHvO:Clt + x - ^{- - ' e x} xCOz + ^ H zO + ~-Cl:/ 4 2,- . 2 2 L vz Nhi t phn C xHy trong chn khng cho c v.. H;. C BC NGUYN TCACBON ____ Bc 'nguyn t caebon. ch r s lng nguvn t cacbon khc lin. kt trc tip vi n. C H ,I II IV III _C H 5- C H 2 -C - H - C H 2- O H _ IC H , C H ,
TN GC HIROCACBON 1 . Gc hirocacbon l g? Phn cn i ca hirocachon khi mt imt hav nhiu nguyn t hiro- 2. Gc ha tr 1a) Gc no C H 3- : m etylC:H 5- : cty
Gc hidrocacbon no mch nhnh6 5 4 3 2 1C H 5-C H -C H :-C H 2-C H -C H 2- : 2-e tyl5metyl hevvl ICH 5 C H ^ C H : Ch cc trng hp sau v (tron trin
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 8/192 CH3-C H 2-C H - : Sec-butyiI c h 3 CH3-CH -CH 2- : IsobutylrCH, CH31 CH5-C-CH 7- : NeopentylI c h 5 c h 31 CH3-C H 2--C- : Tert-pentylI c h 3(sec: gc v tr c bc IX; tert: gc v tr- c bc III)c) Gc hrocacbon khng no c ha tr 1 Cc gc hirocacbon khng no c ha tr mt:Vinyl (etenyl) Anlyl (propen2yl)Xsopropenyl (l-metylvinyl) c h 2 = CH - CH2 = CH - CH2 -CH2=CH- h 3C mt ni ba: c ui inyl- C hai ni : c ui ienylMch chnh l mch khng no c nh s bt u t nguyn t cacbon c ha tr t do. V d: CH=CH- CH =C-CH2- c h 2=c h - c h =c h ~ ) Gc hirocacbon thm hoc Etinyl Propyl-2-yl Butaien-l,3-yl hoc CftH : Phenyl 2 hoc 2 hoc C6H"CH?- : Benzyl 3. G c h i ro c aeb o n h a t r 2 -CH,- 7 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 9/192
PHN LOI HIROCACBON c h 4 c 2H4 c 4H6 c 2h 2 c 6h 12 c h 6 1. A M A X (P A K A F IA )
NH NGHA Ankan l loi hirocacbon cha ni n, mch h* Cng thc CnH2n+2 vi n > 1 . II. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng th vi Cl2, Br2
iu kn phn ng - nh sg khuch tn (phn ng th); - Anh S'ng mnh (phn ng hy).
Phig trnh tng qut CnH 2n+2 + xCI2 i s CnH 2n+2-xClx + xHCl - Quy tc th: Nguyn t hiro nguyn t cacbon c bc cngcao, cng d c th bi clo (hoc brom). 8 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 10/192 i V d. CHs + Cl 2 as' -> --> (Sn phm chinh' n-propl clorua (Sn phm ph) Da vo phn ng trn ta nhn bit c ankan: lm mt muvng ca kh C2, mu nu c dng dch brom, sn phm ca phnng lm giy qu tm m. 2. Phn ng nhit phn: 3 kiu phn ng ty iu kin
Phn ng phn hy:
Phn ng cracking: CH -> nC + (n+i)H2 CnH2n 2 ") + CqH2qankan anken V d. n > .3 ; m > 1 ; q > 2. \> c h 4 + c 3h 6C,H4-n-lC Cracking -> c 2h 6. + c 2h 4c) Phn ng loi hiro (ehiro) CnH2n-r?450' C - Cu7n + z 3. Phn ngchya) Chy trong oxi (oxi ha hon ton) -r ' - - i ' o , r -il. - ^ - -> nC7 4- (n+l)H->0V 2 ; . Phn ng chy c s dng trong i-sng'-v cng nghip,b) Oxi ha khng hon ton V HCHO + H20c h 4 + O kk)--- - :---5> 500;JC. Ni i thiv. kk \> co + 2 9 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 11/192 Phn ng oxi ha butan c dng trong sn xut axit axetic: C4H 10 2CH3COOH Phng trnh tng qut: R-CHz-CHz-R' +0 kkMub Mil RCOOH + RCOOH Nhng tnh cht ha hc v ng dng quan trng ca metan I-- > CH3CI: Clorua raetyl -CLCH7CU: Ciorua metylen CH4: CHC3: Clorofom CCI4: Tetraclorua cacbon(Dung mi hu c) NH, - 0-> ----> CHOH5c _ HCHO \ HCN: axit xianhiric Xhii-> C: mc in, ch ha cao s -> H2 tu. IU CH ANKAN 1. Phng php tng m ch cacbon- Phng php Wurtzt 2CnH2n^X + 2Na (CnH2n+1)2 + 2NaX V d. C2H; rCl + 2Na + Cl4-C2H 5 -> C4H 10 + 2NaCl Nu ng hai loi n xut haogen c gc anky khc nhau thuc hn hp.3 ankan khc nhau. ' R -R 3R-X + 6Na + 3RX J R-R+ 6NTaX R-R 10 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 12/192 Vi ru, qu trinh din ra nh sau: r R -O H + HI CRI + HOH + [ R -I + RI K-R + I2 2ROH + 2HI - R -R + I , + 2H20Phng-php ..in phn (Kobc) 2RCOONa + 2H20 ?dc-> R-R + 2CO:f + NaOH + H2TV---^ b V-- -- /Anot (+) Catot (-) V d. 2CH2=CH-COONa + 2HzO > CH2=CH-CH =CH2 + 2CO,t + 2NaOH + H2t 2. Phng php gim m ch cacbon~ Phng php Duma RCOONa + NaOH RH + NaVcn (RCOO),Ca 4- 2NaO H -> 2RH + CaCOj + N -.;3 Phng php Cracking (Trong n = m + n ) 3. Phng php gi ngu yn mch cacbonVi hirocacbon cha no: R-C H =C H -R + H 2 ^ R-C H 2-CH 2-R R -C sC -R + 2H2 % R -CH 2-C H 2-R 2 . X I C lO A I \M I V
NH NGHA Xicloankan l nhng hirocacbon c ni n, c mt V ng haynhiu vng. 11 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 13/192 Vng cng nh (3, 4 cnh) th cng km bn7 vng cng in (5,cnh) th cng-bn. Cng thc chng: CnHjn v'tfi n > 3. V d. CH2 - C H 27 I " c h 2 1 c h 2C H ,-C H . I C , I T CH, I CH,C H ^{II. TNH CHT HA HC
I f h a n n g P h n g t ri n h p h n n g
: Cng m^ng ; A + H 2 z z z _> CH,-CH;-CH;; X. SC'C
I - + h 2 i i-J ioCc.> c h 3- c h 2- c h 2- c h 3I CH;I I} C H 7 + Br, -> B r-C H ,-C H .-C H ,-B r I _____ H2C _ _ __ .. _________ T h Tham
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 14/192
TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng cng (c trng)a) Cng hiro CH; + H2 . yi t" CH;,2b) Cng halogen (X = Cl, Br, I)
Cng H20 CH2 + H.O ^ > CH2T,OH
Cng HX, H2SO, CnH 2n + HX ___> CnH 2*X T C5H6 tr i phn ng cng theo quy tc Maccopnhicop V d. c*CH3->CH=CH2 + HCl -> CH ',-CH-CH 3isopropyi cicrua (Sn phm chnh) 1 > C H 3- C K 2- C H 2-C1 ...n--prouyl clorua ("Snphm ph) V d. CH2=CH2 + H2SO4 c h 3- c h 2- o s o 3h '(HOSOsH) 2. Phn ng oxi haLm mt mu dung dch -thuc tm (KMnQ4) _ CnH2ll + [O] +; H ,0 CBH2n(OH)2 3CnH2n + 2KMn4 + 4H 20 3CaH2n(OH)2 + 2Mn02 + 2KOH - V d. CH2=CH2 + [O] + HzO CH2-CH2 I OH OHCH,=CH, + - 0 , CWCl~-> CH3CHO 2 3. Phn ng chy ____________ __3n CnH 2 + CX nCO, + nH 202 13 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 15/192 4. Phn ng trn g hp L qu trnh cng hp lin tip nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t nhau, to thnh phn t ln (hp cht cao phn t). S chung:V d. \ nA > (A)tinCH=CH2 - ICH,. -C H-C H, -1CH Etilen c phn ng:c h 2= c h 2"+ c + H ,o CH2-C H 2 + HCl I ' t CH2-C H 2 + KOH -> CH2-C H 2 + KC1 + H zO L L 'Cl O H o (tilen ox'it) (0 ) + C H 2=C H 2 A1C1* ^{g j - C H 2- C H 3
H,} Q,Hs-CH=C H2 (Stiren) ({. U CH q-tr
ehirat ha ru no n chc: j CuH2lrlOH CnHn + H201S0;,C ^ V d. ------ CH ?-CH 2-CH 2-O H s> C H rCH =C H 2 + H zO r c h 3- c h =c h - c h v CH -GH-C H 7-C H -Bten-2 (sn phm chnh)I ISOc OH 1 CH 2=C H -CH 2~CH, Btcn1 (san phm ph)b) Tch hirohaogenua t c c dn xut monoftalogen 14 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 16/192 Hoc: CnH^X + KOH
T dn xut ihalogen - *0H' > CH2 + KX + H ,0ru R - C H - C H - R + Z n - > R - C H = C H - R + ZnX 2 .X XVi' d. C2H4Br2+ Zn > C7H4+ ZnBr?) Cracking ankan C ,H m ^{CH ,m + C,H2,+2
V d:
C4HCracking
10
c 5h 6+ c h 4
- c 2h 4+ CzH*e) Ankin hp H2:
CnHin2 + H 2Pd.
CnHiiA*-2nP.
V d: CH^CH + H2} C2H4h) ehiro ha ankan CRH:Ilt2 -> C,Ui , + H2t 2. EtilenC2H 3OH X 1 C,H4Br7y c 2h 5c i (2) ^{7!c 2h 4
\ < 5)
x c 2h 2c 2h 6
(3j /
c 2h 4 + h 2o(2) C2H5C1 j g Jg S > c h 2= c h 2+ HC1(3) c 2H6} L - C2H 4 + H2 (4) C2H4Br2 + Zn -> C2H4 + ZnBr2(5) C2H 2 + H 2 ^ C 2H 4 (6) C2H2 + 2H2 - n- > C2H6 l WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 17/192 4 . A M K A M E K (M O L E F IIN ) ]. NH NGHA Ankaien (ioein) nhng hirocacbon khng no mch h c haHn kt i trong phn t: *5%. Cng thc chng: CnH2n_2 (n > 3) II. PHN LOI Ty theo v tr tng h ca hai ni i ngi ta chia ankaiethnh 3 loi: 1. Loi c hai n i i lin n hauV d. CH3-CH=C=CH2; CH2=C=CH2 Butaien -1,2 Propaen hay anlert 2 . Lo c hai ni i lin hp (hai ni i cch nhau mt nn): quan trng nht trong cc loi ankaien. V d. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 CH2= C-C H=CH2 GH3 Isopren (2-metyl butaen-1,3) Butaien1,3 (ivinyl)CH2= c - c h = c h 2y CI Cloropren 3. Loi c hai ni i xa nhau V d. CH2=CH-CH 2-CH=CH2 (Pentaien-1,4) IM.-TNH CHT HA HC 1. P h n n g c n g
Cng H2
Cng Br2 CnH2n2 +2H2 Ni CnH 2n+2 CnH2n-2 + 2B"2 > Cn2n-2Br4 16 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 18/192
Cng HCI Ankaen c th tham gia phn ng cng Br2j Hi, HC1, v.v... ' ccv tr 1, 2 (tng t anken) hoc 1, 4 (khc anken) v to thnh hnhp sn phm. Phn ng cng theo t l mol (1 : 1) th xy ra hai hng cng.V d. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + Br2 CH2-CH=CH-CH2 Br Br1.4ibrom buten-2 (SP chnh) Cng 1.2 C2- CHOH=CH2> I I -Br Br 3.4ibrom buten-1 (SP ph) Cng 1,4 CH2-CH=CH-CH 2 I CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + HC1 H l-Clobuten-2 Cngl^ -> CH2=CH-CH-CH 3iC1 3Clobuten12. Phn ng trng hp nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 - ,.N* g-s [-CH2-CH =C H-C H 2-]n nCH2=CHL ~c h = c h 2 xt.tu,p Cao su Buna *-CH2- C H -c h = c h 2 nCH2=C-CH=CH2I CH3 Ispren [-CH r-C= C H -C H 2-] CH3 Cao su isopren 17 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 19/192 Phn ng vi ung dch KM11O4: 3CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 4KMn04+ 8H20 -> 3CH2-CH-CH-CH2I I I ! 3. Ph n ng ox i ha OH OH OH OH + 4MnC>2 + 4KOH Phn ng t chy: CnH2n2 + - ) o z nCOz + (n-l)H?02 J IV. IU CH1. iu c h bu taien-1,3
hiro ha c c n -buten v n-butan c h 3- c h =c h - c h 3 . c h 2=c h -c h =c h 2 + h 2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 > CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2
i t axetlen 2CHs=CH CH2=CH-C=CHCH2=CH-OCH + h 2 - - 4 c h 2= c h - c h = c h 2
i t ru 2Q H 5OH > c h 2= c h - c h = c h 2 + 2H2o + h 2 CH3-CH-CH-CH3 -22A> CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H20 IOH H
in phn dung dch mui. 2CH2=CH-COONa + 2H20 -pd- 5> CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + + 2C O2+ 2NaOH + H22. iu ch isopren . c h 3- c h - c h 2~ c h. ! CH2=C-CH=CH2 + 2H2I c h 3c h 3 18 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 20/192 5 . A N K I1 Y >3s>
NH NGHA Ankin hrocacbon khng no, mch h cxphn t. Cng thc tng qut: CnH2n2 II. GI TN 1 . C ch 1 : - Cht ng u dy ng ng axetien (n Cc cht ng ng tip sau l ankylaxetilen Tn gc Ankyl + Axetien V d. CH3C=CH : metylaxetilen2. Cch 2 Xut pht t tn gi ca ankan tng ng nhng ui an thnh in. V d. CH3-O C H : propinLu i T ankin c 4 nguyn t cacbon tr ln cn ch r v tr ca lin kt ba. V d. CH3 CH2-(>CH: Butin 1CH3-C=CCH3 : Butin-2 III. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Ph n ng cnga) Cng H2
Cng ha Cnt 2n2 + h 2 Pd > CnH2nCn2n2 + 2H, - M - > CnH2n+2 logenCft2n2 + X2 > 0 ^ 215-2X3 CnH2n-2 + 2X2> CnH2n_2X4c) Cng axit (rtei, HCN, CH3COOH...) CJHart +HC1 --> CnHzn-iCl CH^CH + HCN CH2=C H-CN Vinyl xiaima CH3COOH + CHsCH CH3COOCH=CH2 Viny axetat WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 21/192 CHsCH + HzO ggo CHjCHO3. P h p ^{s Hs c h 2 2 + h 2o} C_,H2n_,CHO (n = 2)xt, t R-CS^R ocr nguyn t c trong R v R n > 3
Cng ru CHssCH + HOC2H5 > CH2=CHOC2H$ (ete etyviny) 2. Phn ng trng hp
Nh hp 2CH^CH - guCl2>n h 4c i > CH2=CH-C=CH
Tam hp_ _ 600 c
a hp 3CH^CH - 600c ;> CH0 nCH^CH - (CH)2n (Cupren) 3. Phn ng th vi ion kim loia) Vi kim loi kim, kim th CHeeCH + 2Na - N a-O C -N a + H 2
Vi AgNCVNHs r 7 (n > 3)2CnH2n_2 + Ag20 gNQ3/NH3>2CnH2n_A g + H 2 Hoc C^H^.2 + AgN3+ NH3 -> CnH2n_3A gi + N H ^{O s
Hoc
CnH2n2+ x[Ag(NH3)2]+OH_ C n H} A g , + 2xNH3 + xH20 W'i/w C H C H + Ag20 A gC C A g + H20 20 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 22/192 CH=CH + 2AgN3 + 2NH3 Ag OC A g + 2NH4N 0 3RC^CH + AgNO + NH3 > RC^CAg T NH4NO3CHsCH + 2CuCI + 2NH3 -> CuCsCCu + 2NK4CIRC^CH + CuCl + NH 3 RC=CCu + NH 4CICHe=CH + 2[Cu(NH3)2]+OH~ -> COCCu + 2H ,0 + 4NH3 2. Phn ng oxi ha Phn ng vi dung dch KMn04: 3C2H2 + 8KM11O4 - 3KOOC-COOK + 8Mn02 + 2KOH + 2HzO3C~H2n_2 + 8KMnG4 + 4H20 -> 3CnH2n_20 4 + 8M n2 + 8KOH Phn ng t chy: CH2n_2 + 0 2 -> nC02 + (n-l)H20 IV. IU CH1. iu ch ng ng ca axetilen a)Taxetilen CH-C H + Na - CH=CNa + H-J. 2 2 CH^C-Na + R-X - CH^CR + NaXV d. CH3-Br + N a-O C H -> CH3-OCH + NaBr
T dn xut ihalogen R -CH -CK -R g g g > R-Q sC-R + 2HX j R u ' ^ X XRCH2-CHX2 2K0h > R-C=CH + 2HX Ru V d. CH3-H-CH2 2 K 0 H > CH3-OCH + 2HBr Ru Br Br Propn 1 ,2ibrom propan (Metyl axetilen)c) T dn xut tetrahalogen 21 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 23/192 V d- Br B r I . CH3 c C C 2H; + 2Zn CH3OCC2H5 + 2ZnBr2j !Br Br Pentin-2 2. i u c h a x e t i l e n a)Tmetan:2CH4 - C2H + 3H2
T vi: ' - CaCOs **.rcL-> CaO + co2CaO + 3C 20-y c -> Cac 2 + CO CaC2 + 2HzO Ca(OH)2 + C2H2Tc) T dn xut halogenC2H2Bt4 + 2Zn -> C2H2T + 2ZnBr2QjH^Brz +. 2KOH C2H2t + 2KBr + 2H20
T bc axeiiua Ag2C2 + 2HC1 C2H2T + 2AgCUe) Tng hp trc tip 2C + H 2 3 c > C2H 2 6 * AR EN (H drocacb on thm )
NH NGHA Aren l hirocacbon thm trong phn t cha nhn benzen. Cng thc tng qut: CnH ?n_6 (n - 6)Cht tiu biu l benzen. II. CNG THC CU TO CA BENZEN: CBH6 Theo Kku Theo c hc lng t Da vo cng thc cu to ca Kkul, 11 i xen k ni nnn bemen tham gia phn ng cng v phn ng th. 22 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 24/192 tu. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng tha) Vi brom _______ CHz_6 + Br, B tFe > C,Hm Bt + HBr Lu . Benzen ch phn ng vi brom lng nguyn cht, cn ngng ca benzen th tc dng vi dung dch brom. Khi trong vng benzen c sn nhm th, quy lut th vngbenzen: - Nu trong vng benzen c sn mt nhm th loi I (ccnhm anky, OH, -NH) F, Cl, Br, I...) th nhm ny s nh hngcho nhm th mi vo v tr ortho v para. Nu nhm th loi I nh cc nhm NH2J OH, CH3 th mt electron trong vng benzen n chung u tng ln v c bit cc v tr ortho v para. S c s tng mt electron trong nhn do cpelectron t do, hoc ca cc electron ca cc lin kt C-H vi hthng electron 71 trong vng benzen to mt h lin hp mi trong phn t hp cht thm. V d. Phn ng th nhn: bt Fe lm xc tc: H H\ /N:p H H H H 3 r p - B r o m t o l u e n 23 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 25/192 * Phn ng th nhnh: nh sng lm xc tc:Khi chiu sng, toluen tham gia phn ng th nguyn t hiro nhm CH3 d dng hn CH4 : c h 3 . + HBr Benzyl romua Nu trong nhn benzen c sn mt nhm th loi II ( -COOH, -CN, -GOOR, NH3 ...) th nhm ny s nh hng chnhm th mi vo v tr neta trong nhn benzen. Khi trong vn benzen c sn nhm th loi II th mt electron trong vng benzeni chung gim i v c bit v tr ortho v para. Nguyn nhn c s gim mt electron trong nhn do mt electron t tronnhn chuyn ra ngoi v pha nhm ht electron, cc v tr metmt electron tng i cao hn. Cc nhm th loi II thng cha lin kt i nguyn t likt trc tip vi nhn benzen, cc nhm th ny thng lm kh khn cho s th tip sau vo nhn bemen.
Vi dung dch HNO3 c trong H2SO4 c (Nitro ha) Phng trnh tng qut: H o r O\ s /y K \ 9 3 'nM2n6 + HON2 H2 4> CnH2n_7N 0 2 + H20 Beren: CsH6 + HON2 (c) c 6h 5n o 2 + H2oMu vng, mi hnh nhn 24 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 26/192 ng ng ca benzen: c h 3 ( o + h o n o 2 B_ 2 i
Vi RX ~~CnH2n_6 + RX CpH2n-7R H- HX V d: C6H 6 + CH 3CI - > QH5CH3 + HC12. Phn ng cng
Cng H2 C6H + 3H2 Ni > C6H ,2b) Cng Cl2 C6H 6 + 3C12 L CJUO* 3. Phn ng oxi haa) Benzen v cc dng ng ca n chy trong khng kh sinh ra CO2, H2O v nhiu mui than: CH2^ + o 2 --- > nC 02 + (n-3)H20b) Tc dng vi dung dch KMnO* Bemen khng tc dng vi dung dch KM11O4, nhng toluen li boxi ha gc -CH3 khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO_ to thnh snphm axit benzoic CHsCOOH. QH5CH3 + 3[Oj dd t0 > QH5COOH + HzO
IU CH 1. Chng ct nha than trong cng nghipNgun benzen ch yu trong cng nghip chng ct nha than .2. Phng php ehiro ha
ehro ha xicloankan (n > 6)CnH2n - 3H2Pd, 300 c CnH 2n6 25 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 27/192 V d. C6H]2 r a-> C6H6 + 3H,
ehiro ha n - ankan ng thi khp vng, nh xc tc vnhit thch hp. eH2,2 C,H;ri3. Phng php tng hp (k hiu gc hirocacbon thm ] Ar-) .a) Jpng hp Wurtz-Fittig Ar-X + 2Na + X-R -> Ar-R + 2NaX V d, C6H5Br + 2Na + Br-CH3 C6H 5CH. + 2NaBr
Tng hp Friedel-Craft Ar-H + X-R > Ar-R + HX V d. C6H6 + CI-C2HsAIf 3 > C6H5-C 2H5 + HCI Ring benzen: - 3C2H 2 6Qc__ > C6H6 C - C 6H5CH3 dd thu 1> C6H3COOH +2 i-0I-l-> C6H5COONa 1 NaOH ' CaO, t 26 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 28/192 CC HP CHT HU C CHA NHM NH CHC Nhm nh chc l nhm nguyn t gy nn nhng phn ngc trng i vi mt loi hp cht hu c nht nh. Cc nhm nh chc chnh: Tn nhm chc Cng hc Tn giRu -O H HiroxyEte o OxiAnehit -CH O FormylXeton co Cacbonyl Axit cacboxyic -COOH CacboxylEste coo CacboxiAmin bc I - n h 2 Amino Amin bc II - N H - AminoAmin bc III 1 1 Amino 7 . R f t fu (AKJCOL) Nhm nh chc: OH (Hiroxyl)
NH NGHA Ru l hp cht hu c trong phn t cha mt hay nhiu nhm-OH (nhm hiroxy) lin kt vi gc hirocacbon. 27 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 29/192 II. PHN LOI RU Ru n chc, a chc (theo s/ lng nhm -OH) Theo ba cch khc nhau Ru no, khng no v thm\ (the^gc hirocacbon) Ru bc I, II, III (theo bc c gvi nhm -OH III. CNG THC TNG QUT CA MT s RU Tn ru Cng thc tng qut Ru bt k CxHyOz hoc CxHy(OH). hoc CnH 2n+2-2k-i(OH)j (k l s ni i halin kt 7i) Ru no n chc CnH2n+IOH (n > 1) Ru no a chcCnH 2n+2_(OH)z (n > z > 2)hoc Cnjf"2n+203 Ru khng non chc c mt ni i CnH2n_jOH (n > 3). Nu n = 2 th:CH2=CH-O H CH3CHO (Nhm lin kt v cacbon mang mt ni i th khng bn)CH2=CH-CH2OH: Ru alylic hay propenoRu thm C6H 5-C H 2-OH: Ru benzylic IV. bANH PHP 1. Ru n chc no mch khng nhnha) Danh php thng thng Ancol (hoc ru) + Tn gc hirocacbon tng ng + ic
Danh php quc t Tn hirocacbon tng ng + ol 2. Ru d n c h c n o m c h p h n n h n h .Gi tn cc mch nhnh (nu c) cng vi s ch v tr ca ch trn mch chnh, sau tn mch chnh, ri jn ui ol cng vi 28 ..... * * ' WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 30/192 ch v tr nhm -OH (c th ghi trc tn mch chnh, trc hoc sauol). V d: H 3-C H 2-CH 2-O H CH3-CH -CH 2-OHL h 3 4 3 2 1c h 3- c h 2- c h - c h 3 H c h 3 c h 3- < - o h h , 1-propanol (hoc propanl-ol hoc propano1)2metyl1propanol hoc ru isobutyic 2-butanoI (hoc ru butyic bc haihoc ru seebutylic) 2mety l-2-propanol (hoc ru butylic bc ba hoc ru tert-butylic)
BC CA RU Rdu bc Ru bc 11 Rdu bc U r - c h 2- o h R C H -O HR^ R \ -R C-OHRj/~ R l H hay gc hirocacbon R, R gc hrocacbon R, R, R l gc hirocacbnV d, CH3! 1CH3-CH2-CH2-OH; CH3-CH-CH3; CH3-C-OH OH CH3Ru bc I Ru bc II Ru bc III VI. TNH CHT 1. Tnh cht vt l Ru tan v hn trong nc v to. n kt hiro .vi nc. Khimch cacbon tng, tnh tan gim dn. . . .H-O ... . H- . .. H-O. . . H -O . . -1 J ' I H 2H5 H C2Hs 29 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 31/192 - Ru c nhit si cao hn so v hirocacbon hoc n xuthalogen c khi lng phn tng ng do to lin kt hiro giacc phn t ru. 2 . T n h c h t h a h ca) Tnh cht ha hc ca ru n chc (1) Tc dng vi kim loi kim.: CnH 2n+1OH +. Na CnH2a+1ONa + H2 V d. C2H5OH + Na ^{C2H5ONa + - H2
(2) Phn ng to este (tc dng vi ung dch axit)
R-OH + HX -> RX + H20
(este v c)
RCOOH + ROHH SOjd
RCOOR +. HzO
(este hu c)(3) Phn ng loi nc
* To ete: 2C.H2.+.OH H (C.Ha.wfcO + H20
V d. 2C,HsOH C;Hs0 C 2H3 + H20
Ete ha hn hp n ru khc nhau c th to ti an(n +1)
ete. V d khi un nng hn hp hai ru khc nhau s to ba ete.
To anken____________________________________
C JW .O H C,H2 + H20
V d. c h 3 c h 2 o h ' c h 2= c h 2 + H;o
c h , c h =c h c h 3 + h2o CH3C HCH2CH3 H,so,d} 'Buten_2 (Sn phj m chnh) 180 G H c h 3- c h 2- c h = c h 2 + h 2oBten-I (Sn phm ph) 30 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 32/192 To butaien-1,3: 2C2H 5OH - g ;Zn > CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 + 2H20Butaien 1,3 (ivinyl) (4) Phn ng xi ha Ru bc mt b oxi ha cho anehit R-CH2-OH + CuO - RCHO + Cu + HzO Ru bc hai b oxi ha cho xeton R -C H -R + CO R -C -R + H20t II0 O Ru bc ba b oxi ha iu kin mnh Ht v phn t b ctt to ra nhiu sn phm Phn ng t chy C J tW D H + 0 2 -> nCOz + (n+ l)H ,0z (5) Phn ng cng hp v trng hp vi ru khng no n chc-Ru khng no n chc c mt ni i thng gp: Ru alylic. Ru alylic lm mt mu ung dch brom hay ung dch thuc tmCH2=CH -CH2-O H + Br2 -> CH2-CH-CH 2 I IBr Br OH CH2=C H-CH 2-O H + [O] + H20 dd thuc_tm CH2-CH-CH 2I I I OH OH OHTrng hp ru alylic cho ru polialylic: nCH2=C H ^ H 2-O Hxt - c h 2- c h -iCH2-O H M t s phn ng khc ca rn: Phn ng ca ru vi ankin cho ete khng no: R-OH + CH^C-R -> R^O -CH -CH -R 31 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 33/192 V d, C2H5OH + CH=CH -> C2H5-0-CH=CH2Ety viny ete 8 Phn ng to ru polivinyic: -C H 2- C H - hCH-CH2- COCH3 + nNaOH - c h 2- c h -IH -CH -CH 2-OH + nNaCl + nCH3COONa Phn ng to CH3COOH+ Ring ru etylic ngoi cc phn ng ha hc ca ru, khi l men cho axit axetic (nng 5% gi gim n):C2H5OH + Oz CH3COOH + h 2o + Nu oxi ha ru vi cht oxi ha l ung dch KM11O4 hdung dch K2Cr20 7(H+) trong khng kh th cho ta axit. 5C2H5OH + 4KMn4 + 6H2SO4 5CH3COOH + 4MnS0 4+ z k2s o 4 + ii h 2o Nguyn tc chuyn ru bc I thnh bc II v ngc li:Vn ng theo trnh t cc quy tc: + Zaixep+ Maccopnhicop. R TM TT TNH CHAT h a h c c a r u
Tnh cht ha hc ca ru no n chc Tc th (Ba, Sr, Ca) gii phng VH2. o 4- H Oxi ha hu hn (ox ha nh) t anehit, xeton, axit...Loi H2O xc tc c (hoc oxit km loi) v nhit T mt phn t ru to anken.T ha phn t ru to ete.Gia ru v axit to este. WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 34/192 J
Tnh cht ha hc ca ru a chc
- Cng thc tng qut: R(OH)x vi X > 2- Ru a chc no mch h, c cng thc tng qut: CnH2n+2-*(OH)x vi n > X > 2
^{-> R(ONa), + jH z
C(H)2} To dng dci xanh thm c h 2o h + h o o h + h o c h 2 c h 2- ci o - c h 2I Cu I I Cu I CHOH HOCH-^{CH- *} O -C H + 2H20I I I H H I c h 2o h h o c h 2 c h 2o h h o c h 2.D ung d c h xanh n g II gix era t - Khi phn t ru c nhm -O H gn vi nguyn t cacbon cin kt i th ru ny khng bn, chuyn v thnh anehit. R-CH=C H-OH - R-CH 2-CHO ~ ~ CH 3 CH CH2 = CH-OH CH3-C H 0H g S 0 4 - Khi phn t ru c hai nhm -O H gn vi mt nguyn tcacbon th ru ny khng bn, chuyn v thnh anehit hoc xeton. _ _ R - H - O H RCHO + H 2O R OH\ / > R c R + H2O i R OH 0 33 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 35/192 - Khi phn t ru c ba nhm -O H gn vi mt nguyncacbon th ru ny khng bn, bin thnh axit OH R - C - O H - -> RCOOH + H 20 OH VII. PHNG PHP IU CH RU N CHC V A CHC1. Phng php iu ch ru no n chc TT V + NaOH, tv-'nr*2n-riA ---: CnH 2n I M ] --CnH2n+1OH CnH2n+1ONa _ _ H A HC1-- Ni, te c h 2o h ROH + NaX RCHO + H2 RX + NaOH R-C-R + H2 -IIo RCOOR + H20 - Phng php u ch ru metylic v etylic: + Ru metyiic c iu ch trorig cng nghip theo phn ng: 0H - R-CH-RI OH -> RCOOH + ROH CO + 2H2 2n0500 C, OOatro 2CH4 + O2 !grTC-> 2CH3OHlOOatm + Ru efylie c iu ch: (C6H 10Os)nXenlulozcf (C6H10O5) +nB2Q /Tinh bt nC6H20 6 Men ru > 2nC2H5OH + 2 nC 02 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 36/192 2. Phng ph p diu ch ru a chc- Phng php iu ch glixerin: CH2=C H-C H 3 + C2 - 5JL-^{> CH2=CH-C H2-C1 + HC1
c h z= c h - c h 2c i + C2 + h 2o -> c h 2- c h - c h 2 + HC1L I I
HCIO + HC1 C OH C1
CH2-CH-CH 2 + 2NaOH CH2-CH-CH 2 + 2NaC1 L I J L iCl OH Cl OH OH H
Hoc c th:
CH2=CH-CH2CI + C2 -} 1 C H 2-CH-CH2I ICl Cl C1 CH2CHCH2+ 3NaOH CH2-CH-CH 2 + 3NaCI* 1 - L I I ICl Cl Cl OH OH H - Phng php iu ch etylenglicol: CH2=CH2 -* cii > CH2-C H 2 +NaQ- > CH2-C H 21 L i Li Cl OH OH 3CH2=CH2+ 2KMn4+ 4H20 3CH2-C H 2+ 2M n2+ 2KOHOH OH 8 . P H EN O L V R ll lI TH M ]. NH NGHA V CU TRC Phenol v ru thm c cng thc tng qut CnH 2n-?OH (n > 6)- Sk~Phenol Ru thm nh ngha - Nhng hp cht hu Cd c nhm -0H lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen. Nhng hp cht hu c c nhm -0 H gn vo mch nhnh ca vng benzen. WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 37/192 cu trc Phenol Do nhn benzen ht electron ng thi do c hiu ng lin hp P-U lmchuyn dch electron v pha vng benzen nn lin kt O-H phn cc mnh, H inh ng hn ru thm v c tnh axi tuy rt yu. Mt - electron tng ln trong nhn benzen, c bit tp trung ' cc v tr ortho, para nn d cho phn ng th i in t vo nhn :0-H Ru thm Lin kt O-H phn cc b thng nn ch th hin tnh c ca mt ru V d CHsOH CH2-CH2- o oPhenol thng 0Crezol (axit phenic) II. TNH CHT HA HC CA PHENOL 1. Tc dng vi kim lo i kim1 C6H5OH + Na - C6H5ONa + - H2 2. Tc ng vi dung dch NaOHRu thm khng tc ng vi ung dch NaOH. Phenol l axit yu cn gi l axit phenic nn tc dng v dung dci NaOHC6H5OH + NaOH - C6H5ONa + H20 Natri phenolat 36 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 38/192 - Phenol ch l mt axit yu nn khng lm i mu qu tm, ncphn i th nht ca H2CO3 mnh hn pheno nn y phenol ra khimui C6H5ONa. tch phenol vi anilin, ngi ta thng cho hnhp tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, phenol tan, aniin khng tan ni ln trn, lc ta c dung dch nc lc. Sau sc kh CO2 vo dungdch nc lc ta c pheno vn c ni ln trn. 4. Phenol tham gia ph n ng cng Tng t nh benzen, phenol c th cng vi hiro choxiclohexanol. C6H5ONa 4- C 0 2 + H20 -> C6H5O H + NaH C03Vn c ni ln trn 3. Phenol tham gia phn ng th vng benzen - Phn ng vi ung dch brom: OHOH Br Br + 3HBr Br (mu trng) 2,4,6 - Tribromphenol Phn ng vi dung dch HNO; OH OH ^ + 3H2O N 0 2 Axit piric (mu vng) 2,4,6 - trinitrophenol C6H5OH + 3H2 __Nl > C6HuOH 37 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 39/192 ll. IU CH PHENOL V Ru THM 1. iu c h ph enol - Tch chit t nha than : Luyn than cc >Nha than Chng ct phn on ^{Pheno.nha than
- Tng hp phenol t benzen:
. Q H 6 C6H 5CI +-Hg _ C6H 5OH
. C6H6} h ,c h =c h , > c 6H5CH(CHj)2 0akk > C6H 5OH . C6H cHCOOh > c ftH;OCOCH3 *H; > C6H5OH0 2 xt 2. iu ch ru thm-f iu ch ru benzylic t benzen: CftHs , f^ > C 6H,Br ^ C6H5CH3C6H,CH2C 1 > C6H?CH2OH' khau Na t" cao - t , p CH,C1A1C3 9 . AMIN
NH NGHA, DANH PHP V CU TRC CA AMIN 1. n h n g h a Khi thay th nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH 3 bng cc gchirocacbon ta c amin. 2. C u tr c c a a m i n .. Amn bc t Amin bc l Amin bc HI R \ R \r - n h 2 NH R - N R/ R, R' v R l gc hirocacbon 38 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 40/192 V d. CH3-NH2 CHj-NH1CH3 CH3NCH3 c h 3 c h 3- c h - n h 2 c h 3 c 6h 5n h 2 Metyl amin imetyl amin Trimetyl aniin Isopropyl amin Anilin (amin bc I) (amin bc II) (amin bc III) (amin bc I) (amin thm bc I) Trong phn t amin, nguyn t nit cn c i electron do cth to lin kt cho nhn vi proton H + nn am in c tnh bazo'. 3. Cng thc - Amin n chc: CxHyN - Amin n chc no: - Amin a chc no: CnH2n+lNH2 hay CnHnrN hay CnH2n+2-:(NH2); CnH ,n+2+2N:4. Danh php C nhiu cch gi tn amin: * Cch th nht: Tn gc hirocacbon + amn (1) Tn ca. am in bc ank am in:CH5-N H 2 : Metyl amin c h 3 CH3- C - N H 7 : Tertbutvl aminI ^ c h 3 (2) Tn cua amin bc II i xng l ianky amin: .HI CH3N-CH3 : imety amin 59 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 41/192 (3) Tn ca amin bc II I i xng l trianky amir. CH3I CH3-N-CH3 : Trimetyl amin (4) Tn ca ann bc II khng i xng- Tn cc nhm ankyl c theo vn a, b, c... -hsitnin - C 2 nhm ankyl thm 1 ch N u - C 3 nhm ankyl thm 2 ch N u (nu trong 3 nhm th c2 nhm ging nhau) - C 3 nhm ankyl khc nhau th 2 ch N cch nhau 1 tn ankyl. V d. CH3-NH-C2H5: N-ety metyl amin CH3-N-C2H5: N, N - ety mety amin CH3CH3-N-C3H7: N-etyIN -metyl propyl amin C2H5 Cch th hai: Tn hirocacbon + tip v ng amin Tip u ng amino + tn hirocacbon V d. CH3~CH2-C H 2-C H 2-C H 2-N H 2 : pentan -1 aminCH3 hay 1-aminopentan h 34 h -c?h 2-NH2*. 2metyl propan1 aminhay 1amno2metyl propan o CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3 : 4amino2-pentanon NH2 * Ch : Tn nhnh -NH?: amino; CH3-NH-: metyl amino;c h 3 ''s' N imety aminoCH,"" 40 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 42/192 3 2 1CHj -CH-CHj N -HiCH3 c h 3 CH, N -C H 2-C H 2-C H 3 2metyl aminopropan 1imetyl aminopropan Cch gi thng dng:c tn cc gc hirocacbon xung quanh nito tho th t a, b, c v thm tip v ng am in,V d. CH 3-C H 2-C H 2-C H 2-N H 2 c h 3- c h - c h 2- n h 2I c h 3CH3-CH7-CH-CH3 h 2c h 3I c h 3- c - n h 2 h 3c h 3 Ic h 3- c h 2- c h 2- n - h c h 3 c h 3I I CH3-C H -N ~H II. TNH CHT HA HC n-Butyl amin isoButyl amin secButyl amin tertButyl amin Metyl n-propyl amin Metyl-iso-propy amin - Tnh baz - Tng t nhu amo niac, cc am in -u c tnh baz, an tro ng nc, lm xanh-qu t m.CH3NH 2 + HOH CH3NH3* + OH" M ety lamin Mety amno hiroxi t - Cc am in u c-t nh baz, nu t rong phn t amin c nh m cho in t nh CH3, C2H5- th tnh bazo' cn g m n h v hgc li nu c n hm ht in t nh C6H5- ; CH =C H-.. . th t nh bazo' yu. - An i in khn g tc dng vi nc, khng
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 43/192 Phn ng vi ax i t CH 3 NH 2..+ HCI C8HsNHa-+ HC! Phn ng th yi ' (C6H5NH3)>CI- phenylamoni clorua 0 A m i n c c b c k h c n ha u t c d n g v i ax i n it ro t he o n h n g c c h k h C n ha u , n h c t h 'ph n b i t c c b c a m n . + + + 20 (CH3)2-I\!H + H0 \10 - (C H3)2WM=0 + - 20 (mu vng) C6H5- \ !H-C H 3 + HNO -> CeH s-N-CHs + H2 Lo ____(CH3)3\1 + HONO Khng tc dng - Cc nhm NH2, i\HCH3... l nhng nhm hot ha nhn thom v nh hng cho cc p hn ng th vo v tr .rth o v para. - Tng t nh phenol, anilin tc dng vi nc brom to th ni kt ta t rng 2 ,4 ,6 tr ib ro m an l in . NH2 NH2 + 3 8 r2 Br r ' r - N ' r ' B r + 3HB r Br ( M u t r n g ) - Cc mui amoni tc dng d dng vi kim:C6H 5N H 3C1 + NaO H -> c Ih 5NH2 + NaCI + H20 (It tan trong nc)111. l|u CH AMIN 1. Kh hp cht niro A r - N 0 2 + 6[H] F e / H C l ArNH2 + 2H20 C6H5N 0 2 + 3Fe + 6HCI H> C6H5NH2 + 3FeCl2 + 2H20c bit iu ch anilin: c 6h 6 M g * > c 6h 5n o 2 Fe/HCI c 6h 5n h 2 2. T amoniac vi dn xut ha logen hoc ru tng ng RX + NH3 1 0 0 c c , h 5o h RNH2 + HX 42 l- WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 44/192 Vi cc t l s mol khc nhau, c th cho ainin bc I, II, III hoc IV.R X - R N H 2 - ^{> R - N H - R} > R -N -R R -J~ R]+X" R R ROH + NHi AI;3 > rnh2+ h2op cao A ^ T h p ch t n i t r il R-C=N + 4[H] NaRu etvlic 1 0 . M E H T NH NGH HI . Anehit l nhng hp cht hu c c nhm chc c = 0 (nhmormyl) lin kt vi gc hirocacboi (hoc nguyn t hiro). . DANH PHPTn thng thng Anehit + Tn thng thung ca axit tng ng Tn quc t (IUPAC) Ankan + al Anken + ai II. MT S CNG THC TNG QUT CA ANEHIT * Tn anehit Cng thc Anehit n chc C C H OAnehi no n chc'5* CnH2n+1CHO Anehit no a chc C,H m .,(CHO), Anehit a chc CnH2n+2-2k-x(CHO)x -....... ... ........... (k l s ni i, hoc s lin kt T) 43 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 45/192
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 46/192 5RCHO + 2K M n0 4 + 3H 2S 0 4 - 5R COO H + 2M nS04 + __________________________ + K2SQ4 + 3HzO
V anehit da chc R(CHO)n + 2nAg(NH3)2OH - R(COONH4)n + 2nA gi + ~+ 3nN3 + nHjO Hoc vit: R(CHO)n + nAgzO R(COOH)n + 2nAg. R(CHO)x + 2xCu(OH)2 + xNaOH R(COONa)x + xCu20 3xH20 Tnh ch t h a hc ca HCHO Phn ng cng: /O H- Cng vi nc: HCH O + H O H xt > CH2X x OH - Cng vi G2H5OH: HCHO + C2H5OH. CH2Cx OH - Cng vi C2H 2: 2H CHO + C2H 2 CH2-C =C -C H 2I IOH H Phn ng trng hp: - Nh hp: 2H CHO - OH~ > CH2-C H OH Lc hp: 6HCHO ^u(QH2> C6Hl206 Phn ng oxi ha: HCHO + 4AgN0 3 + 6NH3 + 2HzO (NH4)2C0 3 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag Hoc vit: HCHO + 4Ag(NH3)2]OH - (NH4)2C0 3 + 4Ag ++ 6N H 5 + 2H20 (AgN0 3 + 3NH3 + H 20 [Ag(NH3)2]OH + NH4NO3) 45 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 47/192
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 48/192 Cng thc R - c -R l0
DANH PHP Tn thng thng Tn hai gc hirocacbon lin kt vi nhmcacbonyl + xeton Tn quc t'(UPAC) Hirocacbon + on (c ghi thm s ch v trca nhm cacbonyl trong mch chnh) II. TNH CHT HA HC . Phn ng c ng
Cng vi H2cho ru bc 2R-C-R + H2 11Nit > R -T H -R 10 OH
Cng vi NaH S03(trong dung dch bo ha)R S3Na R-C-R + Na HSO3 -> c1JL ' \ 1O HO R V d. CH3 OH CH3-C-CH 3 + NaHSOa - x c /1 1 / \ ,o CH3 S 0 3N a . Phn ng oxi ha - Khc vi anehit, xeton khng b oxi ha bi cht oxi ha yu h AgN0 3/N H3 (khng tham gia phn ng trng gng), Cu(OH)2- B oxi ha bi*ht oxi ha mnh nh KM11O4 hoc K2Cr2Oy vi H2SO4 c (khi un nng), xeton b ct mch cc lin kt vi nhmc=o. V d. Khi oxi ha etylmety xeton vi hn hp KiC^CV^SO- 47 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 49/192 ta c s: 2_L__> 2CH3COOH CH3 c i c H , - C H 3 .l i ' (1)10.----> CH 3-C H 2-CQ + co2+ h2o Cc phng trnh phn ng: Theo s (1): 3CH3COC2H 5 + 4K2Cr20 7+ 16H2S04 3C2H5COOH 3CO: + 19HzO + 4K2S04 + 4Cr2(S04)3 Theo s (2): CHjCOC2H 5 1 - K2Cr20 7 + 4H2S04 -> 2CH3COOH Cr2(S04)3 + K2SO4 + 4H20 3. Phn ng vi amin R R)c=0 + H2NR /ONR + H20 R R IV. IU CH1 . Oxi ha ru bc 2 R-CH-R + CuO1 7 t0- >, R -C -R + Cu + H20II OH 0 2. Hirat ha ankn 1 R-C=CH + H20 - -x: -> R-C-CH3 II 0 3. T mui ca axit hu c 2RCOONa RC0R + Na2C 0 3 (RCOO)2Ca Nun--> RCOR + CaC03 48 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 50/192 Ring axeton ngoi cc phng php trn cn c th iu ch:- T C2H5OH: 2C2H5OH + H20 4Q0c ' > CH3COCH3 + C02+ 4H2t 0 3 + 0 3 T CH3COOH: 2CH3C0 0 H 400c > CH3COCH3 + co2+ h 2o- T cumenf} (oxi ha): c h 3 c h 3/ - - 1 1 -c 6h 5- c h + o 2 -> Q H 5 C 0 0 H Ix c h 3 c h 3 c h 3 Ic 6h 5 c o o h CH3COCH3 + C6H5OH CH3 {*) Cmen c iu ch t benzen: Q J + CH3-CH=CH2 12. A X IT C A C B O X U IC
NH NGHA Axit cacboxylic l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t chanhm -COOH (nhm cacboxyl) in kt vi gc hirocacbon, vi nguyn t hiro, hoc vi nhau- II. CNG THC Axit hu c (axit cacboxylic) GxHy(COOH)z hay CnH2n+2-2k-z(COOH)2 vi k l s" ni i hay s" lin kt n. 49 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 51/192 Axit hu c n chc CxHyCOOH y-. Tn axit Cng thc Axit no n chc... CnH 2n+1COOH (n > 0)hay CmH 2m0 2 (m > 1) xit no a chc- - - ............ CnH 2n+2-x(COOH)xhay Cn+iH2n+20x Axit khng no n chc(c 1 'ni i) CnH2n_1COOH (n > 2) 111. DANH PHPt Tn thng thngAxit + Tn ngun gc ch s tm ra axt Tn quc t' (PAC)Axit + Tn ca hirocacbon tng ng + oic +. xt .cacboxylic no n chc (axit ankanoic)+ Gng thc tng qut CnH 2n+1COOH (n>0) hay CmH2mOi (m>l) Cng thc Tn thng ihng Tn quc i H-COOH Axir fomic Axit metanoicCH3-COOH Axit axetic Axit etanoic CH3-CH2-COOH Axit propionic Axit propanoic CH3-(CH2)2-COOH Axit butiric Axit butanoic (CHj)2-CH-COO H Axit iso-butiric Axit 2-metylpropanoic CH3-(CH2)3-COOH Axit valeric- Axit pentanoic CH3-(CH2)4-COOH Axit caproic Axir hexanoic CH3-(CH2)5-COOH Axit eriantoic Axit heptanoicCH3-(CH2)i4-COOH Axit panmitic (axit bo cao no) Axit hexadecanoic CH3-(CH2)i6-COOH Axit staric .(axit bo cao no) . A x it octadecanoic 50 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 52/192 C H j-CH -CO O H : Axit lactic I OH + Axit khng no: Cc axit n chc khng no: CH2= CH -C O O H c h 2= c - c o o h1 c h 3Axit acrylic Axit metacrylic Axit bo khng no quan trng: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH^ 7GOOH: axit oleic+ Axit thm: C0H 5COOH : axit benzoic COOH COOH COOH Axit o-phtaic Axit isophtalic COOH + Axit no hai ln axit: Axit tere-p htalic Cng thc Tn thng Tn IPAC HOOC - C OOH Axit oxalic Axit etanioicHO OC -CH2-CO OH Axit malonic Axit propandioic HO OC-(C H2)2-C O O H Axit sucxinic Axit butandioic HO OC -(CH 2)3-C O O H Axit gutaric Axit pentanioic HOOC-(CH2)4-C O O H Axit adipic Axit hexandioic + Axit khng no hai ln axit: HO OC~ CH =C H-C O OH : Axit butendioic IV. CU TRC V TNH CHAT1. C u t r c ^{Nhm COOH trong phn t axit cacboxylic l t hp ca mtnhm cacbonyl} c = 0 v mt nhm hiroxy -O H do tn gi lcacboxyl. WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 53/192 - Do c hiu ng lin hp pKgia i electron p trn nguyoxi ca nhm -O H vi electron 71 ca ni i c=0 lm cho electronchuyn dch v pha nhm c = 0 , nn lin kt -O H b phn cc, H linh ng v c tnh axit. V,R - C - Gc R cng c nh hng n tnh axit ca nhm -COOH . 2. T nh c h t
Tnh ch't vt l - Axit cacboxylic c nhit si cao tin ru c cng s nguyn t cacbon, cng do hnh thnh iin kt hiro bn vng. - H / \VR - C C - R As- 8* S '/Q o . . . H - - Tng t nh ru: 3 axit u dy tan. v hn trong nc, o shnh thnh lin kt hiro gia cc phn t axit hu c vi cc phn tnc. Axit c t 6 nguyn t cacbon tr ln kh tan hoc khng tan trong nc.
Tnh cht ha hc (1)Phn ng n h m t Bxit v c thng thng - Phn li cho proton H+ trong ung dch: CH3COOH CH3C0 - + H+ Thc t trong dung dch l 30+ (H+ + H2O ^ H3O4), davo phn ng ny ngi ta nhn ra aadt, v n lm qu tm. - Tc dng vi kim loi hot ng (ng trc H trong dy inha): 2nRCOOH + 2M -> 2(RCOO)nM + nH 2 V d. 2CH3CO OH + Ca -> (CH3COO)2Ca + H 2 52 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 54/192
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 55/192 - Gc l hirocacbon khng no: Phn ng cng vi ung dch brom: CH2=CH-COOH + Br2 -> CH 2-CH-COOH Br Br Phn ng trng hp: nCH2=CH-COOH Gc l hirocacbon thm: -C H - C H -iCOOH COOH + Br? Fe + HBr Axit m-brombeazoic (3) M t s'phn ng khc.V d. vctf C2H2 CH3COOH + CH^CH -> CH3COOCH=CH2HCOOH + CH=CH -> HCOOCH =CH2 Lu . HCOOCH3 + CH^CH CH2=CH-COOCH3 (4) Khi nhit phn mui cacboxyat- Khi nhit phn mui cacboxyat vi vi ti, xt: RCOONa + NaOHCaO nung RH .+ Na2CO, V d. CHjCOONa + NaOH voi ti xt > CH4 + Na2C 0 3 HCOONa + NaQH CH 3-CH-COONa + NaOH1 HN aO-C -C -O Na + 2NaOH 11 ifo 0 NaO-C -C H2-C-ONa + 2NaOHII 11O O vi ti xt 5 H2 + Na2C03 vi ti xt C2H5OH + Na2C 0 3 vi ti xt > H2 + 2Na2C 0 3 v^ xt> CH4 + 2Na2C 0 3 54 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 56/192 2HCOONa > HCHO + Na2C03 - Khi nhit phn mui cacboxyat: R-C-ONa + NaO-C-R - > R-C-R + Na2C 0 3il li II o o11 _ R-C-Ox Ca --- > R -C-R + CaC03 R-C-O x II (5) in phn dung dch m ui cacboxyat 2RCOONa + 2H20 r t ? h> RR + 2COz+ 2NaOH + H2c vch ngn I ______ v ^{Ano (-I-) Catot (-)(6) mnh ca axit c xc nh da trn hng s nxit Ka
RCOH} RCOCT + H"v _ H' iRCOCn Ka = ---- v pKa = -gKa [RCOOH] s (7) Phng trnh i chy axt cacboxyic no n chc v muinatri ca axit CHz+iCOOH + (n+l)C02 + (n+l)H,0 2CnH2n+iCOONa + (3n+l)02 (2n+l)C02 + (2n+l)H20 + Na2C 0 3 (8) Phn ng to anhrit 2RCOOH - - > R - C - O - C -R + H 20 11 II oV d. 2CH3COOH - xt. > (CH3C0 )20 + h 2oAnhirit axetic Anhirit b thy phn:(RCOhO + H zO 2RCOOH 55 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 57/192 Anhirit c tnh cht nh mt jaxit(RCO)zO + 2NaOH 2RCOONa + HzO(RCO)zO + 2ROH 2RCOOR + HzO V d.(CH3C0)20 + Ca(OH)2 (CH3COO)2Ca + H20( 0)20 + +
UCH
Phng php chung RCH2X +Naa0H> RCH,OH +CuQ> RCHO +2Mn> RCOOHt I_______________ O2, XCtc_________ Phn ng thy phn: RCOOR + H 2O - RCOOH + R*OH
Phng php iu ch CH3CQOH- Ln men gim: CH3CH2OH + 0 , CH3COOH + h 2o - T axetilen hoc etilen:CH^CH + H20sofgc > CH3CHO 2CH2=CH2 + o 2 2CH3CHO CH3CH0 + o 2 > c h 3c o o hJ 2 70c - T n-butan: CH3-C H 2-C H 2-C H 3 + - O 2 ___* ____ > 2CH3COOH + h 2o2 t >p CH3COONa + HCI > CH3COOH + NaClCH3COONH4 + HC1 - CH3COH + NH4CI - Chng g:G c chng khan trong ni kn khong 400-500C (khng c khng kh) sinh ra mt cht nha en v mt hn hp gm ncmetanol, axit axetic v axeton. Tch ly hn hp lng, cho vi vo 56 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 58/192 chuyn CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca. Sau c cn, cn li(CHjCOO^Ca cho tc dng vi H2SO4, ri chng ct ta thu lyCH3COOH. (CH5COO)2Ca + H 2S04 2CH3COOHT + CaS04 13. ESTE
NH NGHA Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia ru v axit v c hoc axithu c. II. CNG THC Cng thc tng qut este n chc: R-C-O-RtO R l gc hirocacbon hc HR l gc hirocacbon Cng thc tng qut este no n chc (ging cng thc tng qutca axit no n chc): CnH2lA n > 2 Kh t chy mt este c' n COi = n Fi0 th este l este no n chc. 111. DANH PHP Tn gc hirocacbon ca ru + tn gc axit (thay ui ic = at) IV. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng thy phn RCOOR + H20 ' ^ RCOOH + ROH tng cng phn ng thy phn (chuyn dch cn bng ve pha t o th nh axit v ru) ta un nng hn hp vi cht xc tc H + hoc dng mt lng d nc. 57 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 59/192 Lu khi vit phng trnh thy phn este c cu to c bit. RCOOCH=CH2 + HzO RCOOH + CH3CH0 RCOO-C=CH2 + H20 -> RCOOH + RCOCH3 RCOOCH2CHC2 + ZH20 -> RCOOH + HOCH2-CH O + 2. Phn ng x phn g ha Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim l phn ng xphng ha. M l k hiu kim loi.V d. CH3COOC2H 5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OHLu khi xem xt phn ng ca este tc dng vi NaOH(1) Khi u bi cho este tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c th theo t l 1 : 1 hoc 1 : 2 th este c cng thc cu to:RCOOQsHs + NOH -> RCOONa + C6H5OHRCOOCfiHs + 2NaOH RCOONa + C6HsONa + HzO (2) X phng ha este hu c cho 3 mui v 1 ru l este ca3 axit hu c vi glixerin. (3) Este 2 chc tc ng vi dung dch NaOH cho:1 mui + 1 ROH + 1 RCHO, este c cng thc cu to: r - o - c - c xh v- c - o - c h =c h 211 l0 0 0 2 mui + 1 ROH, este c cng thc cu to:R - C -0 -CxHv- 0 - C - R + 2HCI RCOOR + MOH -> RCOOM + ROH IIO O II 1 mui + 2ROH, este c cng thc cu to:R - O - C - C H - C - O R "11 y 1 mui + 1 ru COOR 58 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 60/192 (4) Khi u bi cho hai cht hii c n chc mnh h tc dng,i NaOH cho: - Hai mui v mt ru, c nhng kh nng 2 cht hu c l:f RCOOR] RiCOOH hoc - Mt mui v mt ru, c nhng kh nng hai cht hu c l: Mt este v mt ru c gc hirocacbon ging ru trong este. Mt este v mt axit c gc hirocacbon ging axit trong este. Mt axit v mt ru. - Mt mui v hai ru, c nhng kh nng hai cht hu c l:r RCOORt ROH hoc . Phn ng gc hirocacbon Xt vi gc hirocacbon khng no:
Tham gia phn ng c n g V d: CH2=CH-COOCH3 + H 2 B i!> CH 3-C H 2-COOCH 2b) Tham gia phn ng tr ng hdp nCH2=C H -CO O eH 3 Metyl acrylat nCH3-COOCH=CH2 -> Vinyl axetat% nCH2=e-COOCH3 ->I c h 3Metyl metacrylat r-CH 2- C H - ICOOCH3 Polimetyl acrylat (PMA) -CH-CH 2- ' OCOCH3 Polvinyl axetat (PVAC) CH3 ! -ch 2- c - COOCH3 , Polimetyl metacrylat 59 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 61/192
IU CH ESTE
Phn ng gia axit v ru Phn ng este ha l phn ng thun nghch xy ra chm iukin thng. ________ ____ H2SOt c, t _RCOOH + ROH , " RCGOR TH20 HX + ROH -^{RX + HzO (X l halogen)
Axit 1 ln, ru n ln:
nRCOOH + R(OH)n -V. 'V.} RCOOVR + nHiO. Axit n ln, ru 1 ln: R(COOH)n + nROH - R(COOR)n + nH20- Axit n ln, ru m ln: mR(COOH)n + nR(OH)m :- Rm(COO)mnRn +.nmH20
Phn ng gia anhirit axit v ru (R0 0 ) , 0 + KGH ^ ' " RCOOR + RCOOH
Phn ng gia axit v ankin RCOOH + C H C H > RCOOCH-CH2h 2s o 4 RCOOH + R-C ^C -R ... xt; > RCOO-C=CHR R .
Phn ng ca axt vi etilen RCOOH + CH2=CH2 s. > RCOOCH2-CH3
Phn ng gia mui natr ca axit v dn xut halogen RCOONa + RX -> RCOOR + NaX 60 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 62/192 14. A M IN O A X I T
NH NGHAAmnoaxit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t va cha nhm chc amin (-NH?)) va cha nhm chc cacboxy (-COOH). II. CNG THC(H2N)x-R(COOH)y Khi X = y ta c aminoaxit trung tnh, qu tm khng i muX> y ta c aminoaxit c tnh bazo\ qu tm ha xanh X < y ta c aminoaxit c tnh axit, qu tm ha . III. DANH PHP Axit + amino + tn axit cacboxylic tng ng Khi gi tn ta cn ch v tr ca nhom NH 2 gn vi cacbon:(0 ' S _Y 0 a ___C - C - C - C - C - C -COOH V d, H2N-CH 2-COOH : Axit amino axetic CH3--CH-COOH : Axit a-am ino propionic NH2 (a-alanin) 2N (C H2)5CO OH : Axit s-am ino caproic (iu ch . t capron) H2N(CH2)6COOH- Axit (0amino enatoic (iu cht enan) IV. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn li trong dung dch H2NRCOOH = H2NRC OO + H + H3N+R C O O ' 2. Tc d ng v dung dch baz (do c nhm -COOH) H2N-R-COOH + NaOH H2N-R -C OONa + HzO 61 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 63/192 3. Tc d ng vi dung dch axit H2N-R-C OOH + H+ -> H>N+-R -C O OH 4. Tc ng v! ru (phn ng este ha) h 2n - r - c o o h + C2H 5OH h :n - r - c o o c 2h 5 + h 2o 5. Tham gia phn ng trng ngng (phn ng gia nhm-COO Hv~N H2) Do c nhm -NH2 v nhm -COOH nn aminoaxit tham gia phnng trng ngng cho polipeptit. h 2n r c o o h + h 2n r c o o h h 2n r cn r : o o h + H2oII I \>0 H ! V dt (Nhm peptit) nH2N-(CH2)5-COOH H< > [-NH-(CH2)5-CO-]n + nHzOAxit s-am mo caproic Nion6 hay t capron H2N-(CH2)6-COOHAxit coamino enantoic ^ [-NH -(CH 2)6-C O -L + nHzOT enan 15. M P I T (Cht bo) L NH NGHA Lipit (du, m ng thc vt) l este ca glixerin v axit bo. II. CNG THC TNG QUT RCOOCH2_TRCOOCH RCOOCH2R, R \ R l gc hirocacbon ca axit boAxit bo: Cl5H 3iCOOH; C17H35COOH; C17H 33COOH WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 64/192 III. TNH CHT HA HC 1 . Phn ng thy phn RCOOCH2 RCOOH + 3HzOIRCOOCH2 pc h 2- o h H-OH1CH2-OH RCOOH RCOOH RCOOHLipit ng vt (m) ch yu cha gc axit bo no.Lipit thc vt (du) ch yu cha gc axit bo khng no. 2. Phn ng x phn g ha Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim cho glxerin v x phng. r c o o c h2T RCOOCH + 3NaQH. [RCOOCH2 c h2 o h CHQH +Ic h 2o h RCOONa RCOONaRCOONa -V--- ' X phngKhi nim v x phng v cht ty ra tng hp: - Hn hp mui natri (kai) ca cc axit bo c gi l x phng. - T h nh ph n ch y u ca x phng l Ci5H 3iCOONa v CffHasCOONa. - Nu x phng: r Mui natridd NaOH, t Du m -- >Mui n _ Glxerin(NaCl) Mui :(NaCl) X phng c(ni ln trn) GlixerinM&i nTp cht Ngui, p, ct+ mi thm X phngbnh l tp cht' Lc- Chng ct di p sutthp thu hi NaCl- Lc > gixerin 63 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 65/192 - Cht ty ra tng hp: L nhng cht c tc dng git, ra khng phi l mui Na ca axit cacboxylic. l cc natri ankylsunfat ROSC^Na, natri ankyl sunfonat RSOjNa... u im ni bt nht ca cht ty ra tng hp vn gi ctc dng ty git trong nc cng. 3. Ph n ng vi hiro Vi nhng cht bo lng th cc gc R cha no, do khi cho chtny tc dng vi hiro cho gc R no, cht bo h rn. Lu ' Trong k thut xc nh cht lng ca cht bo ngita thng da vo mt s" ch s sau: - Ch x photig ha: l tng s" miligam KOH ,xphng hacht bo v axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo. - Ch s axit: l s" miligam KOH trung hahonton cc axitt do c trong 1 gam cht bo. Q 7H33COOCH +3H 2 - . C17H33COOCH2 C17H33COOCH2 C17H35COOCH2 \> C17H35COOCH c 17h 35c o o c h 2 16* G iU X IX GluxitCn(H20 )m Monosaccarit isaccarit Polisaccarit Cht tiu biu: Glucoz Saccaroza Tinh bt, xenluloz Cng thc ph n t:C6Hi20 6 C12H220n (CHi0O5)n'6*112^6 GLVCOX. CNG THC CU TO - Cng thc cu to dng mch h: 64 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 66/192 CH2OH-CHOH-CHGH-CHOH-CHOH-HO - Cng thc cu to dng mch vng: 2 dng a, [3gluco (dophn ng cng nhm OH C5 vo nhm c = 0 ca dng mch h) II. TNH CHT HA HC Cng thc cu to ca glucozo cho thy glucoz thuc loi ru achc (5 nhm -OH) v anehit (1 nhm -CHO). 1. Tnh cht ca ru da chc - Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2cho ta dung dch mu xanh trong sut.- Tc dng vi ung dch axit cho este cha 5 gc axit. 2 . Tnh cht ca anehita) Phn ng cng vi hiro HO-CH 2-(CHOH)4-CHO + h 2 ^ t0>HO-CH2-(CHOH)4-C H 2OH Sorbitolb) Phn ng oxi ha(1) Phn ng vi AgN3/N H3.:HOCH2(CHOH)4CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH > HO-CH2-(CHOH)4-COONH4+ 2Ag + 3NH3 + H 20 65 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 67/192 Hoc vit: H O - C H 2-(CHOH )4-C H O + gzO HO-CH2-(CHOH)4-COOH + 2Ag Axit sorbic (2) Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 HO-CH2~(CHOH)4-CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH HO-CH2-(CHOH)4-COONa + Cu,O + 3H20 3. Phn ng ln men C6H120 6 man ru > 2C2H5OH + ZC02 C6Hi20 6_mgnUctic ,,> 2CH3CHCOOHI OHAxit lactic 111. IU CH (CHiQs^ + nH 20 - 2 -> nCH^O 6HCHO Ca(OH)2> C6H120 6 ng phn quan trng l fructozcfcDng mch h: CH2OHCHOHCHOHCHOHCCH2OHII - Dng mch vng: |3-Fructoz v a-Frutoz SACCAROZ 1. CNG THC Cng thc phn t: Q2H22O11 Cng thc cu to: Phn t saccaroz c cu to bi mt gca glucoz v mt gc pfructoz. Hai gc ny lin kt vi nhau 66 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 68/192 nguyn t Cl cua gc glucoz v nguyn t C? ca gc fratozcJ qua mtnguyn t oxi: HOH, Gc a-glucoz Dng cu to mch vng ca saccaroz khng c kh nng chuynthnh dng mch h. II. TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng th y ph n CuIfaOn + H20 -Sl!*. C6H12Os+ QHbOsSaccaroz Glucoz Fructoz 2. Phn ng v i m t s' hiro xit kim loi C^H^Ou t , (0H)2 ^{mu xanh lam
CizHzzOu + CaQ.2H20, C12H220 11:Ca0-2H20-
---- >Canxi saccarat
CnH22On + CaC 03i + 2H20
Tnli cht ny c p dng tinh ch ng.
3. Sn xut dng saccaroz t ma
Nc ma (14-17% ng) _ dd canxi saccarat. +c 2Ma * p / > 2} B ma chit bng ncsa _kt ta tp cht lc bng C c p rd d saccaroz---- tkanxng> dd sacearoz tinh kh it ' ^ L Me >ty trng Li tm kt ta CaCOoi bng SO2R ng (sn xut ru)ng (saccaroz) 67 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 69/192 I!l. NG PHN MANTOZd 1. Cng thc cu to ca mantozo- Phn t mantoz c cu to bi hai gc cc-gIucoz d mch vng. Hai gc ny lin kt vi nhau nguyn t Q ca gc glucoz th nht vi nguyn t C4 ca gc glucozd th hai qua mtnguyn t oxi: 6 6 Gc a-glucoz Gc a-glucoz- Trong dung dch, gc glucoz th hai ca phn t mantoz c kh nng m* vng to ra nhm chc -C H o nguyn t Q. o vymantoz c phn ng trng gng v phn ng kh Cu(OH)2- 2. Tnh cht ha hc - Khc vi saccarozd, mantoztf c phn ng trng gng, phn ngkh Cu (OH)2. - Khi thy phn mantoz cho a-glucozc i2h 22o u + H ,o h> > 2C6h,206 TINH BT 1. CNG THC- Cng thc tng qut: (C6Hi0O5)n - Tinh bt hn hp ca hai thnh phn: amiloz v amilopectinhp bi nhiu gc a-glucoz. - AmiIoz c mch phn t khng phn nhnh v khi lngphn t khorg 200-000 vC. Amilopectin c mch phn t phnnhnh v khi ng phn t khong 1-000.000 vC. 68 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 70/192 II. TNH CHT HA HC 1. P h n ng thy ph n cho a -g ucoz (CsHb O s)* + nH zO H'-r > nCH uO 2. P h n ng v i dung d ch i tDung ch it tc dng vi h tinh bt cho mu xanh lam c trng. Phn ng ny xy ra d dng, nn ta ng dung dch it nhn ra tinh bt, hoc ngc li dng h tinh bt nhn bit it. Tinh bt c to thnh trong cy xanh t kh CO2 v H2O vnng lng nh sng mt tri. Phng trnh phn ng tng qut: Qu trnh to thnh tinh bt c s tham gia ca nh sng mt trinn gi l qu trnh quang hdp. . CNG THC- Cng thc phn t: (CeHjoOsJn- Cng thc cu to: Do nhiu gc (3 glucoz kt hp vi nhau nh cu n (3-1,4 glucozit, phn t khng phn nhnh xp t song song nh m xeriluloz c dng si. C th' vit cng thc phn txenulo2 nh sau: [C6H70 2(0H )3]n + 3nH 0N 02 J2lA+ [C6H702(0N0 2)3]n+3nH,0 6nC02 + 5nH20 '**\'* (C6H10O5)n + 6n02 XENLULOZO (C6H10O5)n + nHzO H > nC6H12O2. P h n ng e s t e h a
Vi dung dch axit nitric Xenlulozo' trinitrat 69 WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DAYKEM.QU WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/BOIDUONGHOAHOCQU B I D N GT O N - L - H A C P 2 3 1 0 0 0 B T R N H N G O T P . Q U Y N H N W.DAYKEMQUYNHON.UCOZ.COM ng gp PDF bi GV. Nguyn Thanh T
8/10/2019 GIP TR NH CHUI PHN NG HA HC - NG NGC AN 71/192
Vi dung dch axit axetc [C6H70 2(0H)3L + 3nCH3COOH ->OCOCH3 c 6h 7o 2-OCOCH 3 x OCOCH3Triaxetat xenlIoz + 3nHiO II
V anhirit axetic [C6H 70 2(0H)j]n + 3n(CH3C 0)20 - [C6H70 2(0C 0C H 5)33n ++ 3nCH3COOH ) Phng php sn xut t visco. Cho xenIIoz (t g) tc dng vi dng dch natri hiroxit v mt s" ha cht khc, th c dung dch rt iht gi visco. Khi bm ung dch nht qua ng c nhiu l nh ngm trong axit sunuricng, dng dch nht ( dng tia) b thy phn to thnh nhng si

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