Which statement is accurate when teaching the client with diabetes about foot care Quizlet

A nurse prepares to administer prescribed regular and NPH insulin. Place the nurse's actions in the correct order to administer these medications.

1. Inspect bottles for expiration dates.

2. Gently roll the bottle of NPH between the hands.

3. Wash your hands.

4. Inject air into the regular insulin.

5. Withdraw the NPH insulin.

6. Withdraw the regular insulin.

7. Inject air into the NPH bottle.

8. Clean rubber stoppers with an alcohol swab.

A nurse assesses a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which arterial blood gas values should the nurse identify as potential ketoacidosis in this client?

a. pH 7.38, HCO3- 22 mEq/L, PCO2 38 mm Hg, PO2 98 mm Hg
b. pH 7.28, HCO3- 18 mEq/L, PCO2 28 mm Hg, PO2 98 mm Hg
c. pH 7.48, HCO3- 28 mEq/L, PCO2 38 mm Hg, PO2 98 mm Hg
d. pH 7.32, HCO3- 22 mEq/L, PCO2 58 mm Hg, PO2 88 mm Hg

A nurse prepares to administer insulin to a client at 1800. The client's medication administration record contains the following information:

• Insulin glargine: 12 units daily at 1800

• Regular insulin: 6 units QID at 0600, 1200, 1800, 2400

Based on the client's medication administration record, which action should the nurse take?

a. Draw up and inject the insulin glargine first, and then draw up and inject the regular insulin.
b. Draw up and inject the insulin glargine first, wait 20 minutes, and then draw up and inject the regular insulin.
c. First draw up the dose of regular insulin, then draw up the dose of insulin glargine in the same syringe, mix, and inject the two insulins together.
d. First draw up the dose of insulin glargine, then draw up the dose of regular insulin in the same syringe, mix, and inject the two insulins together.

4. Sweating
When serum glucose decreases, the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, resulting in a surge of epinephrine and norepinephrine; this response causes sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, and hunger. Increased thirst (polydipsia) occurs in response to the osmotic diuresis associated with hyperglycemia. The ketosis and acidosis of diabetic ketoacidosis lead to gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, anorexia, vomiting, and abdominal cramping.

1. Leg ulcers
2. Loss of visual acuity
3. Thick, yellow toenails
5. Decreased sensation in the feet

Leg ulcers are a common response to the microvascular and macrovascular changes associated with diabetes. Retinopathy, damage to the microvascular system of the retina (e.g., edema, exudate, and local hemorrhage), occurs as a result of the occlusion of the small vessels in the eyes, causing microaneurysms in the capillary walls. Thick, yellow toenails result from prolonged inadequate arterial circulation to the feet. Pedal pulses diminish, which can result in gangrene, necessitating amputation. Diabetic neuropathies affect 60% to 70% of people with diabetes. It is theorized that consistent hyperglycemia causes a buildup of sorbitol and fructose in the nerves that results in impairment via an unknown process. Inadequate arterial circulation to hair follicles results in a lack of hair on the feet and ankles. The skin becomes dry and cracks, predisposing it to leg ulcers and infection.

3. Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis

Difficulty concentrating, hunger, and diaphoresis are the most common signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Increased adrenergic nervous system activity and increased catecholamine secretion produce hunger and diaphoresis. Difficulty concentrating reflects central nervous system glucose deprivation. Increased thirst, sleepiness, and nausea are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia as ketoacidosis develops. Confusion, dry mouth, and diminished reflexes are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia; they reflect ketoacidosis. Flushed face, deep breathing, and abdominal pain are signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis.

Recommended textbook solutions

The Human Body in Health and Disease

7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton

1,505 solutions

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process

7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins

382 solutions

Diversified Health Occupations

7th EditionLouise M Simmers

195 solutions

Epidemiology for Public Health Practice

5th EditionRobert H Friis, Thomas Sellers

124 solutions

When teaching the diabetic client about foot care what should the nurse instruct the client to do?

Which is an important action that the nurse should teach patients with diabetes about foot care?

What are some ways to cope with diabetes?

What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type II diabetes include?