Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences and Social Sciences
13th EditionKarl E. Byleen, Michael R. Ziegler, Michae Ziegler, Raymond A. Barnett
3,913 solutions
Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management
12th EditionBarry Render, Chuck Munson, Jay Heizer
1,698 solutions
American Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume
23rd EditionDavid Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene
369 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
Criminal Justice in America
9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole
105 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government
1st EditionGlen Krutz
412 solutions
Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
16th EditionGeorge C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry
269 solutions
American Corrections
11th EditionMichael D. Reisig, Todd R. Clear
160 solutions
Criminal Justice in America
9th EditionChristina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole
105 solutions
In the early 1950s, Linda Brown was a young African-American student in Topeka, Kansas. Every day she and her sister, Terry Lynn, had to walk through the Rock Island Railroad Switchyard to get to the bus stop for the ride to the all-black Monroe School. Linda Brown tried to gain admission to the Sumner School, which was closer to her house, but her application was denied by the Board of Education of Topeka because of her race. The Sumner School was for white children only.
At the time of the Brown case, a Kansas statute permitted, but did not require, cities of more than 15,000 people to maintain separate school facilities for black and white students. On that basis, the Board of Education of Topeka elected to establish segregated elementary schools.
The Browns felt that the decision of the Board violated the Constitution. They and a group of parents of students denied permission to white-only schools sued the Board of Education of Topeka, alleging that the segregated school system deprived Linda Brown of the equal protection of the laws required under the 14th Amendment.
The federal district court decided that segregation in public education had a detrimental effect upon black children, but the court denied that there was any violation of Brown's rights because of the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy. The court said that the schools were substantially equal with respect to buildings, transportation, curricula, and educational qualifications of teachers. The Browns asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review that decision, and the Supreme Court agreed to do so. The Court combined the Browns' case with similar cases from South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware.