To meet the definition of a personality disorder in DSM-5, one must meet the criteria of Quizlet

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​Indicated by five (or more) of the following:

1) Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference).

2) Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g.,
superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "sixth sense"; in children and as adolescents, bizarre
fantasies or preoccupations).

3) Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions.

4) Odd thinking and speech (e.g., vague, circumstantial, metaphorical, over elaborate, or stereotyped).

5) Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation.

6) Inappropriate or constricted affect.

7) Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar.

8) Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.

9) Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid
fears rather than negative judgments about self.

indicated by five (or more) of the following:

1) Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

2) A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between
extremes of idealization and devaluation.

3) Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently

4) Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse,
reckless driving, binge eating).

5) Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.

6) Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or
anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). unstable self-image or sense of
self.

7) May be troubled by chronic feelings of emptiness.

8) Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant
anger, recurrent physical fights).

9) Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms.

indicated by five (or more) of the following:

1) Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be
recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).

2) Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.

3) Believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with,
other special or high-status people (or institutions).

4) Requires excessive admiration.

5) Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or
automatic compliance with his or her expectations).

6) Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends).

7) Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.

8) Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.

9) Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes

Indicated by four (or more) of the following:

1) Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major
point of the activity is lost.

2) Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because
his or her own overly strict standards are not met).

3) Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships (not
accounted for by obvious economic necessity).

4) Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values (not
accounted for by cultural or religious identification).

5) Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.

6) Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing
things. Ex. "pack rats"

7) Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be
hoarded for future catastrophes.

8) Shows rigidity and stubbornness.

mood stabilization,

appropriate feeling expression,

increased self-concept,

self-esteem,

insight, and
judgement,

and the development of appropriate interpersonal relationships,

effective coping strategies,

conflict resolution skills,

social skills, and

assertive communication skills.

What is one of the reasons that the category of personality disorder is controversial?

What does each cluster of personality disorders focus on?

Which personality disorder is characterized by a fear of separation from others who are looked to for advice and reassurance group of answer choices?

What is the most common personality disorder found among persons in inpatient and outpatient treatment settings?