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Common pronunciations [in British English Gimson,1981] of mathematical and scientific symbols are given in the list below.
Symbols
| + | plus | /plʌs/ |
| minus | /maɪnəs/ | |
| ± | plus or minus | /plʌs ɔ: maɪnəs/ |
| x | multiplied by | /mʌltɪplaɪd baɪ/ |
| / | over; divided by | /əʊvə/ /dɪvaɪdəd/ |
| ÷ | divided | /dɪvaɪdəd/ |
| = | equals | /ɪ:kwəlz/ |
| approximately, similar | /əprɒksɪmətlɪ/ /sɪmɪlə tʊ/ | |
| equivalent to;identical | /ɪkwɪvələnt tʊ/ /aɪdentɪkl tʊ/ | |
| not equal to | /nɒt iːkwəl tʊ/ | |
| > | greater than | /greɪtə ðən/ |
| y | x is greater than y | |
| x < y | x is less than y | |
| x y | x is greater than or equal to y | |
| x y | x is less than or equal to y | |
| 0 < x < 1 | zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 | |
| 0 x 1 | zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 | |
| x² | x squared | |
| x³ | x cubed | |
| x4 | x to the fourth; x to the power four | |
| xn | x to the n;x to the nth; x to the power n | |
| x-n | x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n | |
| root x;square root x;the square root of x | ||
| the cube root of x | ||
| the fourth root of x | ||
| the nth root of x | ||
| [x + y]² | x plus y all squared | |
| [x/y]² | x over y all squared | |
| n! | n factorial; factorial n | |
| x% | x percent | |
| infinity | ||
| x y | x varies as y; x is [directly] proportional to y | |
| x 1/y | x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y | |
| ẋ | xdot | |
| ẍ | xdouble dot | |
| f[x] fx | f of x; the function of x | |
| f'[x] | f dash x; the [first] derivative of with respect to x | |
| fx | f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x | |
| f'[x] | f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x | |
| f[4] | f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x | |
| v | the partial derivative of v | |
| v θ | delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ | |
| ²v θ² | delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ | |
| dv | the derivative of v | |
| dv dθ | d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta | |
| d²v dθ² | d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta, | |
| integral | ||
| integral from zero to infinity | ||
| sum | ||
| the sum from i equals 1 to n | ||
| w.r.t. | with respect to | |
| logey | log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log [of] y | |
| therefore | ||
| because | ||
| gives, approaches | ||
| Δx 0 | delta x approaches zero | |
| lim Δx0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero,the limit as delta x tends to zero | |
| Lt Δx0 | the limit as delta x approaches zero,the limit as delta x tends to zero | |
| m/sec | metres per second | |
| x A | x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A | |
| x A | x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A | |
| A B | A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B | |
| A B | A is contained in B; A is a subset of B | |
| A B | A intersection B | |
| A B | A union B | |
| cos x | cos x; cosine x | |
| sin x | sine x | |
| tan x | tangent x, tan x | |
| cosec x | cosec x | |
| sinh x | shine x | |
| cosh x | cosh x | |
| tanh x | than x | |
| |x| | mod x; modulus x | |
| 18 | eighteen degrees Centigrade | |
| 70 | seventy degrees Fahrenheit |
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