Is a set of interrelated components that must work together to achieve some common purpose?

A system is…A set of interrelated componentsWith a clearly defined boundaryWorking togetherTo achieve a common set of objectivesBy accepting inputs and producing outputsIn an organized transformation process

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business29Basic Functions of a SystemInputCapturing and assembling elements that enterthe system to be processedProcessingTransformation process that converts inputinto outputOutputTransferring transformed elements to theirultimate destination

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business30Cybernetic SystemAll systems haveinput,processing, andoutputAcybernetic system, a self-monitoring, self-regulatingsystem, adds feedback and control:Feedbackis data about the performance of a systemControlinvolves monitoring and evaluating feedback todetermine whether a system is moving toward theachievement of its goal

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business31Other System CharacteristicsIf a system is one of the components of a largersystem, it is asubsystemThe larger system is anenvironmentSeveral systems may share the sameenvironmentSome may be connected via a sharedboundary, orinterfaceTypes of systems…OpenAdaptive

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business32A Business as a System

COMPONENTS OF AN ISChapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business33

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business34Information System ResourcesPeople ResourcesSpecialistsEnd usersHardware ResourcesMachinesMediaSoftware ResourcesProgramsProceduresData ResourcesProduct descriptions, customer records, employee files, inventorydatabasesNetwork ResourcesCommunications media, communications processors, networkaccess.Information ResourcesManagement reports and business documents using text andgraphics displays, audio responses, and paper forms

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business35Data Versus InformationDataare raw facts about physical phenomena orbusiness transactionsInformationis data that has been converted intomeaningful and useful context for end usersExample:Sales data is names, quantities, and dollaramountsSales information is amount of sales byproduct type, sales territory, or salesperson

Chapter 1 Foundations of Information Systems in Business36IS ActivitiesInputof data resourcesData entry activitiesProcessingof data into informationCalculations, comparisons, sorting, and so onOutputof information productsMessages, reports, forms, graphic imagesStorageof data resourcesData elements and databasesControlof system performanceMonitoring and evaluating feedback

sys·tem

 [sĭs′təm]

n.

1. A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole, especially:

a. An organism as a whole, especially with regard to its vital processes or functions: The animal's entire system seems to be affected by the disease.

b. A group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts: the excretory system; a root system.

c. A group of interacting mechanical or electrical components: the building's heating system.

d. A network of structures and channels, as for communication, travel, or distribution: a highway system.

e. A network of related computer software, hardware, and data transmission devices.

2.

a. An organized set of interrelated ideas or principles: Kant's philosophical system.

b. A social, economic, or political organizational form: the feudal system.

3.

a. An arrangement or configuration of classification or measurement: the taxonomic system; the metric system.

b. An organized and coordinated method; a procedure: We have an efficient system for processing returned merchandise. See Synonyms at method.

4.

a. A naturally occurring group of objects or phenomena: a cave system; a weather system.

b. Geology A set of rock strata grouped by geologic time period and divided into series.

5. Harmonious interaction or order: a restaurant kitchen that was completely without system.

6. The prevailing social order; the establishment. Used with the: You can't beat the system.

[Late Latin systēma, systēmat-, from Greek sustēma, from sunistanai, to combine : sun-, syn- + histanai, set up, establish; see stā- in Indo-European roots.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

system

[ˈsɪstəm]

n

1. a group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or interacting elements forming a collective entity; a methodical or coordinated assemblage of parts, facts, concepts, etc: a system of currency; the Copernican system.

2. any scheme of classification or arrangement: a chronological system.

3. a network of communications, transportation, or distribution

4. a method or complex of methods: he has a perfect system at roulette.

5. orderliness; an ordered manner

6. [Sociology] the system [often capital] society seen as an environment exploiting, restricting, and repressing individuals

7. [Physiology] an organism considered as a functioning entity

8. [Physiology] any of various bodily parts or structures that are anatomically or physiologically related: the digestive system.

9. one's physiological or psychological constitution: get it out of your system.

10. [Electronics] any assembly of electronic, electrical, or mechanical components with interdependent functions, usually forming a self-contained unit: a brake system.

11. [Astronomy] a group of celestial bodies that are associated as a result of natural laws, esp gravitational attraction: the solar system.

12. [Chemistry] chem a sample of matter in which there are one or more substances in one or more phases. See also phase rule

13. a point of view or doctrine used to interpret a branch of knowledge

14. [Minerals] mineralogy one of a group of divisions into which crystals may be placed on the basis of the lengths and inclinations of their axes. Also called: crystal system

15. [Geological Science] geology a stratigraphical unit for the rock strata formed during a period of geological time. It can be subdivided into series

[C17: from French système, from Late Latin systēma, from Greek sustēma, from syn- + histanai to cause to stand]

ˈsystemless adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

sys•tem

[ˈsɪs təm]

n.

1. an assemblage or combination of things or parts forming a complex or unitary whole.

2. any assemblage or set of correlated members.

3. an ordered and comprehensive assemblage of facts, principles, doctrines, or the like in a particular field.

4. a coordinated body of methods or a scheme or plan of procedure; organizational scheme: a system of government.

5. any formulated, regular, or special method or plan of procedure.

6.

a. an assemblage of organs or related tissues concerned with the same function: the digestive system.

b. the entire human or animal body considered as a functioning unit: an ingredient toxic to the system.

7.

a. a number of heavenly bodies associated and acting together according to certain natural laws, as the solar system.

b. a hypothesis or theory of the characteristics of heavenly bodies by which their phenomena, motions, changes, etc., are explained: the Copernican system.

8. one's psychological makeup, esp. with reference to desires or preoccupations: to get something out of one's system.

9. a method or scheme of classification: the Linnaean system.

10. [sometimes cap.] the prevailing structure or organization of society, business, or politics or of society in general; establishment [usu. prec. by the]: to work within the system.

11. a major division of rocks comprising sedimentary deposits and igneous masses formed during a single geologic period.

12. Physical Chem. a combination of two or more phases, each of which consists of one or more substances, that is attaining or is in equilibrium.

13. a working combination of computer hardware, software, and data communications devices.

[1610–20; < Late Latin systēma < Greek sýstēma=systē-, variant s. of synistánai to combine, organize [syn- syn- + histánai to stand] + -ma, n. suffix of result]

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

sys·tem

[sĭs′təm]

A group of elements or parts that function together to form a complex whole. For example, the bones, joints, and other structures making up the skeleton of an animal form its skeletal system. A weather system is made up of the different masses of warmer and cooler air that are present in a region, along with any winds, clouds, and rain or snow that they produce.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

System

 an assembly of things arranged in a series that conforms to a plan.

Examples: system of beacons, 1868; of botany; of communications; of deceit, 1781; of iniquity, 1663; of logic, 1699; of philosophy; of railways; of rocks, 1830; of truths, 1845; of telegraph wires, 1855.

Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

system

1. The rocks formed during a geological period.

2. A group of organs that function together to perform specific functions, e.g. the digestive system.

Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group Copyright © 2008 by Diagram Visual Information Limited

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

Noun 1. system - instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"

audio system, sound system - a system of electronic equipment for recording or reproducing sound

communication system - a system for communicating

ADP system, ADPS, automatic data processing system, computer system, computing system - a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage

containment - [physics] a system designed to prevent the accidental release of radioactive material from a reactor

control system - a system for controlling the operation of another system

data system, information system - system consisting of the network of all communication channels used within an organization

drainage system - a system of watercourses or drains for carrying off excess water

exhaust system, exhaust - system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged

EDS, explosive detection system - a rapid automatic system to detect plastic explosives in passengers' luggage using X-ray technology and computers; designed for use in airports

ETD, explosive trace detection - a system for screening luggage in airports; an agent passes a swab around or inside luggage and then runs the swab through a machine that can detect trace amounts of explosives

guidance device, guidance system - a system of equipment for automatically guiding the path of a vehicle [especially a missile]

assemblage, hookup - a system of components assembled together for a particular purpose

inertial guidance system, inertial navigation system - a system to control a plane or spacecraft; uses inertial forces

infrastructure, substructure - the basic structure or features of a system or organization

instrumentation, instrumentality - an artifact [or system of artifacts] that is instrumental in accomplishing some end

lockage - a system of locks in a canal or waterway

labyrinth, maze - complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost

mechanical system - a system of elements that interact on mechanical principles

module - a self-contained component [unit or item] that is used in combination with other components

navigational system - a system that provides information useful in determining the position and course of a ship or aircraft

electronic network, network - [electronics] a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits

network - a system of intersecting lines or channels; "a railroad network"; "a network of canals"

propulsion system - a system that provides a propelling or driving force

resonator - any system that resonates

scaffolding, staging - a system of scaffolds

security system - [computing] a system that enforces boundaries between computer networks

selsyn, synchro - a system consisting of a generator and a motor so connected that the motor will assume the same relative position as the generator; the generator and the motor are synchronized

shipboard system - a system designed to work as a coherent entity on board a naval ship

solar thermal system - a system that converts sunlight into heat

sprinkler system - a system for extinguishing fires; water from a network of overhead pipes is released through nozzles that open automatically with the rise in temperature

synchromesh - an automotive system for shifting gears in which the gears revolve at the same speed and so shift smoothly

2.
system - a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going"

scheme

group, grouping - any number of entities [members] considered as a unit

language system - a system of linguistic units or elements used in a particular language

judicatory, judicial system, judiciary, judicature - the system of law courts that administer justice and constitute the judicial branch of government

economic system, economy - the system of production and distribution and consumption

ecosystem - a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

hierarchy - a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system; "put honesty first in her hierarchy of values"

social organisation, social organization, social structure, social system, structure - the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships; "the social organization of England and America is very different"; "sociologists have studied the changing structure of the family"

dragnet - a system of coordinated measures for apprehending [criminals or other individuals]; "caught in the police dragnet"

machinery - a system of means and activities whereby a social institution functions; "the complex machinery of negotiation"; "the machinery of command labored and brought forth an order"

network, web - an interconnected system of things or people; "he owned a network of shops"; "retirement meant dropping out of a whole network of people who had been part of my life"; "tangled in a web of cloth"

nonlinear system - a system whose performance cannot be described by equations of the first degree

subsystem - a system that is part of some larger system

organism - a system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body; "the social organism"

syntax - a systematic orderly arrangement

body - a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"

shebang - an entire system; used in the phrase `the whole shebang'

solar system - the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field

water system - a river and all of its tributaries

root system, rootage - a developed system of roots

3. system - [physical chemistry] a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"

matter - that which has mass and occupies space; "physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it"

physical chemistry - the branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances

4. system - a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender"

system of rules

method - a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement [usually in steps]

accounting - a system that provides quantitative information about finances

discipline - a system of rules of conduct or method of practice; "he quickly learned the discipline of prison routine"; "for such a plan to work requires discipline";

frame of reference, frame - a system of assumptions and standards that sanction behavior and give it meaning

gambling system - a system of rules for placing bets that is believed to lead to winning; "he has a perfect gambling system at roulette"

government - [government] the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed; "tyrannical government"

honor system - a system of conduct in which participants are trusted not to take unfair advantage of others; "the students are on the honor system"

logical system, system of logic, logic - a system of reasoning

merit system - the system of employing and promoting civil servants on the basis of ability

point system - a system of evaluation based on awarding points according to rules

spoils system - the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power

organon - a system of principles for philosophic or scientific investigations; an instrument for acquiring knowledge

program, programme - a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need; "he proposed an elaborate program of public works"; "working mothers rely on the day care program"

theosophy - a system of belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul

anthroposophy - a system of beliefs and practices based on the philosophy of Rudolf Steiner; it claims to integrate the practical and psychological in child-centered education

logic - the system of operations performed by a computer that underlies the machine's representation of logical operations

theological system, theology - a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings; "Jewish theology"; "Roman Catholic theology"

ethical code, ethic - a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct

5. system - an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"

organization, arrangement, organisation

structure - the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"

classification system - a system for classifying things

contrivance - an artificial or unnatural or obviously contrived arrangement of details or parts etc.; "the plot contained too many improbable contrivances to be believable"

coordinate system, frame of reference, reference frame, reference system - a system that uses coordinates to establish position

data structure - [computer science] the organization of data [and its storage allocations in a computer]

design, plan - an arrangement scheme; "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"; "it was an excellent design for living"; "a plan for seating guests"

distribution, statistical distribution - [statistics] an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

genetic map - graphical representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome

kinship system - [anthropology] the system of social relationships that constitute kinship in a particular culture, including the terminology that is used and the reciprocal obligations that are entailed

lattice - an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions

living arrangement - an arrangement to allow people [or ideas] to coexist

ontology - [computer science] a rigorous and exhaustive organization of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and contains all the relevant entities and their relations

calendar - a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year

6. system - a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"

body part - any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity

articulatory system - the system of joints in the body

digestive system, gastrointestinal system, systema alimentarium, systema digestorium - the system that makes food absorbable into the body

endocrine system - the system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity

venous blood system, venation - [zoology] the system of venous blood vessels in an animal

immune system - a system [including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues] that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response

integumentary system - the skin and its appendages

RES, reticuloendothelial system - a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells

mononuclear phagocyte system, MPS, system of macrophages - a widely distributed system of free and fixed macrophages derived from bone marrow

muscle system, muscular structure, musculature - the muscular system of an organism

musculoskeletal system - the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form

nervous system, systema nervosum - the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells

central nervous system, CNS, systema nervosum centrale - the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system, systema nervosum periphericum - the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord

genital system, reproductive system - organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring

apparatus urogenitalis, genitourinary apparatus, genitourinary system, systema urogenitale, urinary apparatus, urinary system, urogenital apparatus, urogenital system - the system that includes all organs involved in reproduction and in the formation and voidance of urine

respiratory system, systema respiratorium - the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide; in terrestrial animals this is accomplished by breathing

sensory system - the body's system of sense organs

tract - a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose

vascular system - the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids such as blood or lymph or sap through the body of an animal or plant

skeletal system, systema skeletale, skeleton, frame - the hard structure [bones and cartilages] that provides a frame for the body of an animal

7. system - a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"

plan of action - a plan for actively doing something

credit system - a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit

legal system - a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws

pricing system - a system for setting prices on goods or services

promotion system - a system for advancing participants to higher-status positions

8. system - the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"

live body - the body of a living animal or person

9. system - an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized; "his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality"; "we can't do it unless we establish some system around here"

organisation, organization

methodicalness, orderliness - the quality of appreciating method and system

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

system

noun

3. method, practice, technique, procedure, routine, theory, usage, methodology, frame of reference, modus operandi, fixed order the decimal system of metric weights and measures

4. establishment, the authorities, established order, the system, ruling class, the powers that be, institutionalized authority He wants to be a tough rebel who bucks the system.

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

system

noun

1. An organized array of individual elements and parts forming and working as a unit:

2. A usually large entity composed of interconnected parts:

3. Systematic arrangement and design:

4. The approach used to do something:

The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations

خُطَّه، أسْلوب، طَريقَهمَنْهَج، أسْلوبنِظَامنِظام الجِسِمنِظام، تَنْظيم، مَنْهَج

система

systémmetodaorganismussoustava

systemsytemkroppenmetodenet

sistemo

menetlussüsteem

سامانه

järjestelmäsysteemielimistö

sistemsustav

rendszer

sistem

aîferîkerfilíffærakerfiskipulag, kerfiskipuleg vinnubrögî

制度組織的な方法

시스템

sistemasistemingaisistemingassisteminissistemiškai

sistēmatīklsmetodeorganismspaņēmiens

sistem

systém

sistemmetoda

sustav

system

kawaida

ระบบ

система

hệ thống

system

[ˈsɪstəm]

A. N

3. [Math, Sci] [= principles] → sistema m
binary/decimal/metric systemsistema m binario/decimal/métrico

8. the system [= the establishment] → el sistema
to beat the systemburlar el sistema

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

system

[ˈsɪstəm]

modif [COMPUTING] [file] → système system requirements

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

system

n

System nt; new teaching systemsneue Lehrmethoden pl; the democratic system of governmentdas demokratische [Regierungs]system; the Pitman system of shorthanddie Kurzschriftmethode nach Pitman; system of referencesBezugs- or Referenzsystem nt

[= established authority] the systemdas System; you can’t beat or buck the systemgegen das System kommst du or kommt man einfach nicht an

[Comput: = machine, operating system] → System nt; system diskSystemdiskette f; system softwareSystemsoftware f

system

:

system control

n [Comput etc] → Systemsteuerung f

system error

n [Comput] → Systemfehler m

system failure

n → Systemausfall m

system fault

n [Comput] → Systemfehler m

system file

n [Comput] → Systemdatei f

system

:

system information

n [Comput] → Systeminformationen pl

system menu

n [Comput] → Systemmenü nt

system policies

n [Comput] → Systemrichtlinien pl

system program

n [Comput] → Systemprogramm nt

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

system

[ˈsistəm] noun

1. an arrangement of many parts that work together. a railway system; the solar system; the digestive system.

2. a person's body. Take a walk every day – it's good for the system!

3. a way of organizing something according to certain ideas, principles etc. a system of government/education.

4. a plan or method. What is your system for washing the dishes?

5. the quality of being efficient and methodical. Your work lacks system.

ˌsysteˈmatic [-ˈmӕtik] adjectiveˌsysteˈmatically adverb

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

system

نِظَام systém system System σύστημα sistema järjestelmä système sistem sistema 組織的な方法 시스템 systeem system system sistema система system ระบบ sistem hệ thống 系统

Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

sys·tem

n. sistema, grupo de partes u órganos combinados que constituyen un conjunto que desempeña una o más funciones vitales en el organismo;

cardiovascular ______cardiovascular;

digestive ______ digestivo;

endocrine ______ endocrino;

genitourinary ______ genitourinario;

hematopoietic ______ hematopoyético;

immune ______ de inmunidad;

lymphatic ______ linfático;

nervous ______ nervioso;

osseous ______ óseo;

portal ______ portal;

reproductive ______ reproductivo;

respiratory ______ respiratorio;

reticuloendothelial ______ reticuloendotelial.

V. cuadro en la página 240.

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012

  • There's something wrong with the electrical system [US]
    There is something wrong with the electrics [UK]

Collins Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

system

n sistema m; autonomic nervous — sistema nervioso autónomo; cardiovascular — sistema cardiovascular; central nervous — [CNS] sistema nervioso central [SNC]; digestive — sistema digestivo; endocrine — sistema endocrino; immune — sistema inmunológico; metric — sistema métrico; musculoskeletal — sistema locomotor or musculoesquelético; parasympathetic nervous — sistema nervioso parasimpático; peripheral nervous — sistema nervioso periférico; reproductive — sistema reproductor or reproductivo; respiratory — sistema respiratorio; skeletal — sistema óseo or esquelético; sympathetic nervous — sistema nervioso simpático

English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

What is a group of interrelated components?

A system is a group of interrelated interacting, or interdependent parts that for a complex whole. A system is a group of interrelated interacting, or interdependent parts that for a complex whole. Most of us hear and use the term frequently.

What do you call the set of objects or elements that interact to achieve a specific goal?

A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole.

What is a set of interconnected and interrelated elements of management activity?

A system refers to a set of two or more interrelated components that interact to achieve a goal.

What are the components of an information system?

An information system is described as having five components..
Computer hardware. This is the physical technology that works with information. ... .
Computer software. The hardware needs to know what to do, and that is the role of software. ... .
Telecommunications. ... .
Databases and data warehouses. ... .
Human resources and procedures..

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