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Terms in this set [28]
1607
In 1607, under the leadership of John Smith, the first English colony of Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in America. The founding of Jamestown was a business venture. The colonists sought [1] material prosperity and [2] freedom from the restraints of the "Old World," including religious freedom.
1620
In 1620, under the leadership of William Bradford, the English colony of Plymouth, Massachusetts, was founded. The Puritans were religious reformers seeking to reform or "purify" [thus the name "Puritans"] the Church of England [the Anglican Church], which, the Puritans believed, had become too Roman Catholic. The Puritans of Plymouth were Separatists: that is, they sought to separate from the Church of England. The Puritans sought [1] religious freedom and [2] material prosperity. The initial group of Puritan colonists coming to Plymouth are known as the Pilgrims.
1628
In 1628, under the leadership of John Winthrop, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in Boston, Massachusetts. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony were Non-Separatists: that is, they sought to reform the Church of England from within.
1636
The Massachusetts Bay Colony founded Harvard College in 1636, demonstrating the colony's emphasis on education.
2. Give the two primary reasons why Englishmen and women colonized the New World:
religious freedom and material prosperity
3. Know the three general characteristics of Colonial literature:
[1] utilitarian [practical, useful]; [2] didactic [intending to teach or instruct, especially morally]; and [3] religious.
4. Identify the literary forms [genres] prevalent in Colonial literature [e.g. travel records, journal [diary], almanac, theological essay, history, poetry, sermon, biography, and autobiography].
• Sermons, diaries,
personal narratives, slave narratives
• Instructive
• Plain style
5. Define the Puritan Plain Style:
writing characterized by simple, direct language.
6. Name the four major literary figures of the Colonial Period.
• Edward Taylor
• Jonathan Edwards ["Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God"]
• Anne Bradstreet ["Upon
the Burning of Our House"]
• Cotton Mather
Identify the fundamental Puritan beliefs, which have their origin in Calvinism.
Total Depravity
Unconditional Election
Limited Atonement
Irresistible Grace
Perseverance of the Saints
8. Know the essential elements of the Puritan Ethic [value system]:
hard work, self-discipline, practicality [pragmatism], simplicity, frugality, self-reliance, and self-improvement.
9. What English Parliamentary action in 1765 pushed the Colonists towards revolution?
In 1765, the English Parliament issued the Stamp Act, a direct taxation on various goods imposed on the colonists, which sparked the colonists' move to separate from England. Consequently, the Stamp Act marks the end of the Colonial Period and the beginning of the Revolutionary Period.
10. Define "The Great Awakening." When did it take place?
1730's-1743 and it was a Protestant religious revival that swept Protestant Europe and British America. It was an evangelical revitalization movement, it left a permanent impact on American Protestantism.
11. Know the titles and authors of the literary works we have studied from the Colonial Period:
"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" [Jonathan Edwards]; "Upon the Burning of Our House" [Anne Bradstreet]; and "The Minister's Black Veil" [Nathaniel Hawthorne].
12. What is the speaker's initial response to the loss of her house in the poem, "Upon the Burning of Our House"?
sad
13. What is the speaker's mood at the end of the poem, "Upon the Burning of Our House"?
hopeful
14. What is the Puritan attitude towards worldly or material goods as revealed by the speaker in Anne Bradstreet's poem, "Upon the Burning of Our House"?
They were sad but they realize that they do not mean much. It is however, a sign of them going to Hell.
15. Define a lyrical poem.
[musical, songlike and expresses personal feeling]
16. Define the term, tone and what is the initial tone of Jonathan Edwards' sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"? How does the tone change at the end of the sermon, and for what purpose?
the writer's attitude toward his subject or audience which creates a feeling or mood in a literary work; the "sound" of the speaker's voice is the tone. Jonathon Edwards is originally angry. The tone becomes quiet so that he can be angry again.
17. Define the term, metaphor [an imaginative comparison], and discuss the metaphors Edwards uses in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
Metaphor is a comparison using like or as and metaphors in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God uses them to explain to people how they will go to hell for their sins
18. Define the terms imagery and image. How does Jonathan Edwards use them for effect in his sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"?
Imagery: words that show an image in the mind [the fiery pits of Hell]
Image: something someone does that stands for something [crackling of the arms]
19. What is the theme in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"?
That we are all sinners and God can put us in Hell in any moment
20. What is the symbolism of Reverend Hooper's black veil?
It symbolizes sin.
21. Why does Reverend Hooper wear the black veil?
He wears the black veil to show people that they have sinned and need to repent. He is making a sacrifice.
22. Nathaniel Hawthorne identifies his story as a parable. What is a parable?
A parable is a story used to teach a lesson.
23. In "The Minister's Black Veil," what is the primary consequence of sin?
hell
24. Describe the initial setting of Hawthorne's short story, "The Minister's Black Veil."
A funeral and he is giving the sermon
25. What is the theme in "The Minister's Black Veil"?
Sin
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